BIO-181 Exam 1 latest update

BIO-181 Exam 1 latest update 2024-2025
Functions of Blood

- Transport gases, nutrients, hormones, enzymes, metabolic waste

- Defense against toxins and pathogens

- Regulate pH, ion composition

- Stabilize body temperature

- Clotting




Volume of Blood

- 5L

- 7% of body weight in kg

- M>F




Composition of blood

- Plasma = 55%

- Formed elements - 45%




Platelets

- 55% of blood

- Water is 92%

- Plasma proteins 7%

- Dissolved ions, gases, nutrients 1%




Plasma proteins: Albumins

,Transport lipids, osmotic balance




Plasma proteins: Globulins

Transport, antibodies




Plasma proteins: Fibrinogen

Coagulation




Dissolved Ions, Gases and Nutrients in Plasma

O2, CO2, H+, K+, Na+, Ca2+, HCO3-, amino acids, monocytes




Formed elements

- 45% of blood

- Cells

- RBC, WBC, platelets




RBCs/Erthrocytes

- 99% of cells

- Transport O2

- Produced in red bone marrow

- 3x10^6 RBCs/sec

- Recycled in liver/spleen

- Biconcave disk

-Flexible, high surface area

, - Lack nucleus, organelles

- 120 day lifespan

- 25 trill in adults

- Do not reproduce




Hemoglobin

- Transport O2 and CO2

- 4 polypeptide subunits

- Hold 4 O2 total

- 4 heme groups

- Fe atom

- Red pigment

- Oxyhemoglobin - full of O2

- Deoxyhemoglobin - not full




Hematocrit

- % of blood that is RBCs

- Average 45%

- Female: 37-47%

- Male: 50-54%




AD

White blood cells

- Leukocytes

- 1% of cells