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Critical thinking is comprised of 3 interlocking dimensions - ANSWER-✅1- Analyzing
2- Evaluating
3-Improving
Egocentrism - ANSWER-✅the tendency to view everything in relationship to oneself
Sociocentrism - ANSWER-✅the assumption that one's own social group is inherently
superior to all others
First-Order Thinking - ANSWER-✅ordinary thinking
- spontaneous and non-reflective
-contains insight, prejudice, good and bad reasoning
- indiscriminately combined
Second-Order Thinking - ANSWER-✅Critical thinking
-first-order thinking is consciously realized
-is then analyzed, assessed, and reconstructed
Intellectual Humility - ANSWER-✅opposite is intellectual arrogance
Intellectual Courage - ANSWER-✅opposite is intellectual cowardice
Intellectual Empathy - ANSWER-✅opposite is intellectual self-centeredness
Intellectual Integrity - ANSWER-✅opposite is intellectual dishonesty
intellectual perserverance - ANSWER-✅opposite it intellectual laziness
Confidence in Reason - ANSWER-✅opposite is intellectual distrust of reason
,intellectual autonomy - ANSWER-✅opposite is intellectual conformity
3 functions of the mind - ANSWER-✅1-thinking
2-feeling
3-wanting
Universal elements of reasoning - ANSWER-✅1-purposes
2-questions
3-assumptions
4-implications
5-information
6-concepts
7-inferences
8-point of view
9 Fundamental Intellectual Standards - ANSWER-✅1-Clarity
2-Accuracy
3-Relevance
4-Logic
5-Breadth
6-Precision
7-Significance
8-Fairness
9-Depth
what is something we take for granted as true in our reasoning? - ANSWER-
✅assumption
theories are examples of _______? - ANSWER-✅Concepts
Distinctions between the elements of reasoning are _____ not _____? - ANSWER-
✅relative/absolute
3 kids of implications that may be involved in any situations - ANSWER-✅possible,
probably, necessary
3 types of questions - ANSWER-✅1-questions of facts
2-questions of preference
3-questions of judgement
2 Components in Strategic Thinking - ANSWER-✅1-Identification
2-Intellectual Action
Sources of Evidence - ANSWER-✅Analogy
Intuition
Personal Observation
Appeal to Authority
, Case Example
Testimonial
Survey/Questionnaire
Research Study
Personal Experience
Chronology
Quantitative Evidence - ANSWER-✅-Quantifies an observation or phenomenon
-i.e. expresses it as a number or empirical measure
-derives from quantitative research and deductive analysis
Qualitative Evidence - ANSWER-✅-describes or recounts an observation or
phenomenon
-communicates understanding and meaning
-result of unstructured or unscientific gathering of information
Rival Cause - ANSWER-✅plausible alternative explanation for why a certain
outcome happened
Absolute Number - ANSWER-✅the total or aggregate of something expressed as a
number without relationship to other numbers
Risk Reduction - ANSWER-✅a statistical expression that appears most commonly in
reports about health risks
(relative and absolute)
Egocentricity - ANSWER-✅AKA rigidity of thought
-represents one of the main barriers to effective critical thinking
Domination - ANSWER-✅using direct power over others to get what they selfishly
want
Submission - ANSWER-✅strategic subservience; caters to those with power or
prestige who can advance their goals
Egocentric Memory - ANSWER-✅remembering only that evidence and information
that supports our thinking
Egocentric Myopia - ANSWER-✅adopting an overly narrow point of view and
thinking in absolutes
Egocentric Righteousness - ANSWER-✅feeling superior because of possessing the
'truth'
Egocentric Hypocrisy - ANSWER-✅ignoring inconsistencies between belief and
behavior and between public standards and private actions