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Topic 10 - Notes 10

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Exam of 5 pages for the course Operations Management at Operations Management (Topic 10 - Notes 10)

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Operations Management
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Operations Management

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10/23/24, 11:43 <font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align:
AM inherit;">To…




FIGURE8.3
MODEL OF DEFICIENCIES




FountainZ:eithaml, VA; Berry, L.L.; Parasuraman, A. (1988): «A Communication and Control Processes in the Delivery of
Service Quality”, Journal of Management , Vol. 52, p. 36.

Deficiency1(of theknowledge): Discrepancybetweenheserviceexpected(expectationsoftheusers)andthe
managers' perceptions of these expectations.

Deficiency 2 (of standards): Discrepancybetweentheperceptions ofthemanagers andthespecs
either quality standards.
Deficiency3 (intheexecutionandperformance): Discrepancybetweenthespecsofqualityof theserviceand
the service delivered (service provision).
Deficiency 4 (in the interpretation and communication): Discrepancy between the benefit of the service and th
external communication towards customers.
Deficiency 5(inthe service) :Discrepancybetween theexpected serviceandthe serviceperceived fromhepoint of
customer view.

The first four deficiencies areThey are considered internal deficiencies , when they occuron the side of theserver, th
inthe organization.Thedeficiency5(eitherTotal gap),HEproducesinheside ofthecustomers,ofthere sor importance.Does
reference tothe differencebetween theserviceexpectedandthe servicereceived,issaybetweenexpectationsof theservice
and the actual perception of this, which is therefore equivalent to the perceived quality of service.
Therefore, thisThe last deficiency is a consequenceof the above andconstitutes a patternof measurement of thequalit
service:

Gap 5 = f (Gap 1, Gap 2, Gap 3, Gap 4)

Thecompanyshalldecreasethedeficiencies 1 to4 andkeep themin helevelfurther lowpossible forthat No
HE present deficiency 5.
TheauthorsthatproposeheModeloftheDeficienciesalsoexplainthepossiblecausesofeachaofthe




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, 10/23/24, 11:43 <font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align:
AM inherit;">To…




deficienciesthat isproduceinheinsideofthe organization(Timeet al. ,1993).Hisanalysisisofgreatutility
for quality improvement in any company.
Specifically, the main causes of each of the deficiencies are the following:

Deficiency 1: Discrepancy between user expectations and management perceptions
MeansthatthecompanyNoknowsitthatreallyThey waittheircustomers.Withthissituation,besidesofNogive them
it thatdemand, Nomake profitable thepossible efforts that are doing tothehour ofimprove thequality. The
Causes of this deficiency can be found in:

– Orientation inadequate of the investigation of markets : TO times thecompanies Nothey
performeffortsfor grasptheneedsandexpectations
ofthecustomers.Forinvestigatetheexpectationsofthecustomersthe companycando ittothrough
oftechniquesas: managementofclaims, wishesofusersinsectors similar, studies of customers clue,
panels of customers, studies of transactions individual, studies
global customer expectations (Camisón et al. , 2007).
– Lack of communication vertical upward: from he personal de contacto con el cliente hasta la alta
dirección. Esta comunicación se puede establecer mediante canales formales (informes, casos excepcionales,
etc.), o bien mediante canales informales (conversaciones directas).
– Excesivos niveles jerárquicos de mando, que crean separaciones y barreras entre el personal de contacto con
el cliente y los niveles directivos más altos.
– Enfoque insuficiente del marketing de relaciones, para retener a los clientes y fortalecer las relaciones con
ellos.
– Recuperación inadecuada del servicio, por falta de estímulo para escuchar las quejas de los clientes.

Deficiency 2: Discrepancia entre las percepciones de los directivos y las especificaciones o normas de calidad

En este caso, los directivos no interpretan adecuadamente las expectativas de los clientes lo que se traduce en
especificaciones o normas de calidad de servicio equivocadas, en la medida que no recogen adecuadamente las
expectativas de los clientes. Los factores que pueden causar esta deficiencia son:

– Deficiencias en el compromiso asumido por la dirección respecto a la calidad de servicio. La alta dirección
debe estar comprometida con la calidad de manera que consiga el compromiso de los niveles medios de
dirección y de todos los miembros de la organización. Si no es así, fallará la consecución de la misma.
– Mala especificación de objetivos. Los objetivos que los empleados deben alcanzar para la consecución de la
calidad de servicio, deben estar basados en las necesidades y expectativas de los clientes y no en las normas
internas de la organización, es decir, deben estar concebidos para satisfacer las expectativas de los clientes.
– Defectuoso o inexistente establecimiento de normas estándar para la ejecución de tareas. El
establecimiento de normas o estándares en los servicios es muy difícil dado su carácter intangible, sobre
todo si se trata de servicios personalizados y con un alto grado de contacto con el cliente. La normalización
del servicio puede llevarse a cabo en aquellas actividades que sean rutinarias, dado que así la empresa
puede disponer de más tiempo para proporcionar al cliente una atención más personalizada.
– Percepción de inviabilidad para cumplir las expectativas del cliente. Normalmente responde a una visión de
los directivos que no poseen voluntad y creatividad para satisfacer a los clientes y se excusan en la falta de
recursos.

Deficiency 3: Discrepancia entre las especificaciones de la calidad del servicio y la prestación del servicio

Toda vez que los estándares de calidad de servicio son los adecuados, la empresa está en el camino para
entregar calidad, pero para ello, debe contar con sistemas, procesos y personas que aseguren tal situación. En
políticas de recursos humanos deficientes están la mayor parte de las causas de esta brecha.
Las causas de esta deficiencia pueden ser:

– Falta de sentido de trabajo en equipo. Si los empleados no se sienten comprometidos con la calidad de la




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