QBM Final Exam| Questions Solved with
Verified Correct Answers | Latest Update
2024-2025
Competitive and non-competitive inhibitors of enzymes - ANSWER - Competitive: bind to same
site on enzyme (active site) - requries more substrate to overcome, can reach Vmax
- Non-competitive: binds to second site causing allosteric changes preventing enzyme-
substrate interaction = can't be overcome, can't reach Vmax
Enzyme assay - ANSWER Determine's enzyme's rate - CDNB at 340nm
Kinase assay - ANSWER Study enzymes that hydrolyze ATP to ADP and detect phosphorylation
Cofactors vs coenzymes - ANSWER Cofactors = metals
Coenzymes = organic molecules
Unit of restriction enzyme - ANSWER 1 unit = amount of enzyme required to cleave 1
microgram of DNA in 1 hour in 50microliters of total volume
1 Dalton = - ANSWER 1 g/mol
"1-12th the mass of a C-12 atom"
1 kDa = ___ amino acids - ANSWER 9 amino acids
,1 amino acid = ____ Da - ANSWER ~112 Da!
mM or microM - ANSWER milliomoles/LITER
micromoles/LITER
Percent composition (v/v and w/v) - ANSWER v/v = 30% v/v ethanol is 30 ml ethanol and 70
ml water (same volume units)
w/v = solute is in *grams* and solvent is *ml* = 30% w/v NaOH is 3 grams/10 mL
Solute needed = - ANSWER molarity desired (mol/L) x volume desired (L) x molecular
weight (g/mol) = solute needed (g)
Stock solutions of Tris with a given pH can skip the titration of acid step - ANSWER True
When making a buffer, if you pass the desired pH while titrating with (Tris-HCl) for instance, you
can add NaOH to bring it up - ANSWER False! you cannot
Seminar - ANSWER "journal clubs" - held at the *program/department level*
- Grad students and postdocs present another's work to practice presenting
Invited seminar series - ANSWER - Large group of scientists to see current research from an
*internal or external researcher* who may receive payment *honorarium*
Conferences - ANSWER "Symposiums"
,- Gatherings of experts in the field, which features posters and invited lecturers
Poster sessions - ANSWER on campus - grad students to present their data
Grants - ANSWER Applied to NIH or private donations to fund the labs
Proposals - ANSWER Must show 3 things:
1) Relevancy
2) Current published work supports their line of though
3) Preliminary data supports their hypothesis
NIH Review process - ANSWER - Each NIH grant is reviewed by a board
The most sought out grant is the ___, which provides millions of dollars and funding for ____
years - ANSWER R01; 3-5 years
Authorship - ANSWER - Determined by PI (principle investigator)
- First is usually the most work, last is usually the PI
Publication - ANSWER 1) Title
2) Authors
3) Abstract
4) Methods
5) Results
6) Discussion
7) References
, Impact factor = - ANSWER The amount of times the article is cited in the following *2 years*
by other publications
Peer review process - ANSWER - Scientists - prior to publication
- Usually *3 anonymous peer reviewers*
- Final decision is up to journal editor
Biases based on personal experiences - ANSWER Anecdotes
Scientific rigor - ANSWER Ensures data and conclusions are supported across all tests
Preventing bias:
- Good controls
- Statistically reporting data
- Undergo peer review
- Scientific rigor
- Double-blind
Double/triple blind experiment - ANSWER - Double: Subjects AND doctors/scientists
administering do not know the control vs experimental group
- Triple: experimenter does not know which is control and experimental
"Cell free expression system" (in vitro) - proteins - ANSWER Only a ribosome with the *mRNA of
interest* is required to produce proteins
- Fast, simple, produces pure protein
- EXPENSIVE - and small amount of protein
Verified Correct Answers | Latest Update
2024-2025
Competitive and non-competitive inhibitors of enzymes - ANSWER - Competitive: bind to same
site on enzyme (active site) - requries more substrate to overcome, can reach Vmax
- Non-competitive: binds to second site causing allosteric changes preventing enzyme-
substrate interaction = can't be overcome, can't reach Vmax
Enzyme assay - ANSWER Determine's enzyme's rate - CDNB at 340nm
Kinase assay - ANSWER Study enzymes that hydrolyze ATP to ADP and detect phosphorylation
Cofactors vs coenzymes - ANSWER Cofactors = metals
Coenzymes = organic molecules
Unit of restriction enzyme - ANSWER 1 unit = amount of enzyme required to cleave 1
microgram of DNA in 1 hour in 50microliters of total volume
1 Dalton = - ANSWER 1 g/mol
"1-12th the mass of a C-12 atom"
1 kDa = ___ amino acids - ANSWER 9 amino acids
,1 amino acid = ____ Da - ANSWER ~112 Da!
mM or microM - ANSWER milliomoles/LITER
micromoles/LITER
Percent composition (v/v and w/v) - ANSWER v/v = 30% v/v ethanol is 30 ml ethanol and 70
ml water (same volume units)
w/v = solute is in *grams* and solvent is *ml* = 30% w/v NaOH is 3 grams/10 mL
Solute needed = - ANSWER molarity desired (mol/L) x volume desired (L) x molecular
weight (g/mol) = solute needed (g)
Stock solutions of Tris with a given pH can skip the titration of acid step - ANSWER True
When making a buffer, if you pass the desired pH while titrating with (Tris-HCl) for instance, you
can add NaOH to bring it up - ANSWER False! you cannot
Seminar - ANSWER "journal clubs" - held at the *program/department level*
- Grad students and postdocs present another's work to practice presenting
Invited seminar series - ANSWER - Large group of scientists to see current research from an
*internal or external researcher* who may receive payment *honorarium*
Conferences - ANSWER "Symposiums"
,- Gatherings of experts in the field, which features posters and invited lecturers
Poster sessions - ANSWER on campus - grad students to present their data
Grants - ANSWER Applied to NIH or private donations to fund the labs
Proposals - ANSWER Must show 3 things:
1) Relevancy
2) Current published work supports their line of though
3) Preliminary data supports their hypothesis
NIH Review process - ANSWER - Each NIH grant is reviewed by a board
The most sought out grant is the ___, which provides millions of dollars and funding for ____
years - ANSWER R01; 3-5 years
Authorship - ANSWER - Determined by PI (principle investigator)
- First is usually the most work, last is usually the PI
Publication - ANSWER 1) Title
2) Authors
3) Abstract
4) Methods
5) Results
6) Discussion
7) References
, Impact factor = - ANSWER The amount of times the article is cited in the following *2 years*
by other publications
Peer review process - ANSWER - Scientists - prior to publication
- Usually *3 anonymous peer reviewers*
- Final decision is up to journal editor
Biases based on personal experiences - ANSWER Anecdotes
Scientific rigor - ANSWER Ensures data and conclusions are supported across all tests
Preventing bias:
- Good controls
- Statistically reporting data
- Undergo peer review
- Scientific rigor
- Double-blind
Double/triple blind experiment - ANSWER - Double: Subjects AND doctors/scientists
administering do not know the control vs experimental group
- Triple: experimenter does not know which is control and experimental
"Cell free expression system" (in vitro) - proteins - ANSWER Only a ribosome with the *mRNA of
interest* is required to produce proteins
- Fast, simple, produces pure protein
- EXPENSIVE - and small amount of protein
