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Bradyarrhythmias - Summary EMERGENCY MEDICINE

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Bradyarrhythmias - Summary EMERGENCY MEDICINE

Institution
Medical Emergency Unit
Course
Medical Emergency Unit

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10/22/24, 1:17 <font style="vertical-align: inherit;"><font style="vertical-align:
PM inherit;">Bra…

EMU DE EMU DE EMERGENCIE 1
RENATA RAUBER FELKL • ATM 192


BRADYARRYTHMIAS
Doctorina dand Emergencia USP

CONCEPTS
• Theymust be diagnosesfrom in diagwestic didifferential: syncope, dizziness, dyspnea, dor torahcica, confusion, crise epilethics.
• ECG initial exam for evaluation
, , degree

• IBtAcaVnabreesecclaosnsidaclrays:shiyfipeodxaesm1isat, 2HnIdC (3crodrrect adnibdatsheedcisoonrdduecrt).depends on the degree.
• Damn choice: at ropina; after we can put MP-TC or prescribeer drugs b-adrenergic (dopamine and adrenaline).
• Instability e hemodinamica refrataria: pacemaker transvenousthe in emergency for quick fix FC.
• Before real ize treatment definitive with marca-step artifofficial definiIhad, correctgo causes reviewsible or secyouwould.

INTRODUCTION
• Bradycardia or bradyarrhythmias are changes ofthe diac rhythm with FC down.
• Hecan tobe absolute ( < 60bpm in rest) or relative ( > 60bpm), mtothe inadequate the situation clinic of patient, as
in a patient with shock septic, hypothecationnso e with FC of 70bpm where Iwouldexpect a FC > 100bpm.
• Not all FC low is patolgica: atletas 48-52bpm.

ETIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
• Cells of the conduction system are the ofgreater automatism (closer to the sinoatrial, greater the automatism).
• NSA > NAV > Beam of Hiss.
• Howmuchmore distbefore injury, more accentuateda bradycardia, bythat the depolarizationDon't stay with cells of lesser automatism.
• BAV may be in NAV level: blocks high (above-His, low grade or not advanced) = FC higher
• BAV at the level of beam of His: low blocks (infra-His, high grade or advanced) = FC smaller
, degree

• BAV 1st 2nd Mobitz I: BAV low grade, better prognosis o, injury + high in the NAV and greater possibilityage extrinsic cause.
• BAW of 2nddegree Mobitz II and 3rd degree: BAW of high degree, injury more low, attack intrinsic do system of driving e
prognostico de recuperação do ritmo
ACHADOS CLÍNICOS
• Bradicardia FC < 60 bpm, mas sintomas geralmente aparecem < 50 bpm.
• EF: PA (em pé e deitado), pulsos, ausculta cardíaca e pulmonar, exame neurológico sumário e busca de sinais de baixo fluxo.
• Queixas que possam ser cardiológicas ou com alteração de FC devem ser submetidos a ECG imediatamente.
• Existem 3 formas de apresentação:
- Arritmia determina sintomas: BAV de terceiro grau pode se manifestar com tonturas, sincope, confusão, atividades
motoras espontâneas (simular crise epiléptica), dor torácica, dispneia e morte súbita.
- Arritmia é secundaria a uma outra doença: sintomas podem se sobrepor a doença de base.
- Sintomas não são da bradiarritmias: chega ao DE com um determinado sintoma e ao exame é detectado pulso < 60bpm.
Nessa caso uma PA normal sem sintomas atribuíveis a bradiarritmias não necessita avaliação complementar no DE.

EXAMES LABORATORIAIS E IDENTIFICAÇÃO DA BRADIARRITMIA
• Sinais ou sintomas de instabilidade:
- Monitorização: FC, PA, oximetria, monitor cardíaco
- Cateter de oxigênio (se houver hipoxemia).
- Acesso em veia calibrosa e exames gerais
- ECG em pacientes instáveis e estáveis: observar presença ou não da onda P, sua frequência e morfologia; intervalo PR;
correlação entre ondas P e complexo QRS; presença de bloqueio de ramo ou de divisões de ramos.
- Outros exames: eletrólitos, função renal, perfil toxicológico, dosagem de antiarrítmicos e digoxina, MNM, gasometria.

BRADICARDIA SINUSAL (figura 1)
• Ritmo normal do coração, só FC mais baixa.
• Ondas P normal, originadas no nó sino atrial.
• A cada onda P tem um complexo QRS.
• Geralmente não é patológica, pode ser
secundária causas extrínsecas ao sistema
condução (HIC, reflexo vagal, medicação).

BRADICARDIA ATRIAL
• Semelhante à bradicardia sinusal
• Onda P com orientação diferente da sinusal.
• Atrial ectopic focus is near the atrial node
• Difficult differencenciar do ritmo sinusto




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