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Exam Revision - HUBS 1406

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Kidney failure often leads to: A) Dehydration. B) Decreased parathyroid hormone secretion. C) Acidosis. D) Increased red blood cell production. C) Acidosis. Substances larger than ________ are normally not allowed to pass through the filtration membrane. A) Urea. B) Sodium ions. C) Glucose. D) Amino acids. E) Albumin. E) Albumin. Hypoventilation leads to: A) Low plasma CO2 levels and high pH. B) Low plasma CO2 levels and low pH. C) High plasma CO2 levels and high pH. D) High plasma CO2 levels and low pH. D) High plasma CO2 levels and low pH. A person as lost a lot of blood after a large cut. Which of the following would be likely to occur as a result of the blood loss? A) Increased renin secretion. B) Increased parathyroid hormone secretion. C) Decreased aldosterone secretion. D) Decreased erythropoietin secretion. A) Increased renin secretion. A person with chronic renal failure is likely to suffer from: A) Anaemia. B) Increased appetite. C) Quicker blood clotting. D) Alkalosis. A) Anaemia. A person with chronic renal failure may have weak bones because: A) The effects of acidosis and parathyroid hormone would combine to decrease the minerals in bone. B) The effects of excess vitamin D would result in high plasma levels of calcium, leading to deposits in the bones. C) The nitrogenous wastes would build up in the bone. D) The effects of erythropoietin on the red bone marrow would weaken the bones. A) The effects of acidosis and parathyroid hormone would combine to decrease the minerals in bone. A person with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is unable to ventilate their lungs properly. Their kidneys are likely to respond to this by: A) Increasing excretion of bicarbonate ions. B) Increasing excretion of hydrogen ions. C) More retention of bicarbonate ions. D) B and C. D) B and C. Quentin Van Hoogle was diagnosed as a child with a severe enterokinase deficiency. Based on what you know about this enzyme, which of the following effects would be the final result of this deficiency? A) Increased muscle growth and repair due to excess amino acid availability. B) Diarrhoea and abnormally high levels of nitrogenous wastes in urine. C) Constipation and development of obesity due to low leptin levels. D) Diarrhoea and oedema due to poor protein absorption. D) Diarrhoea and oedema due to poor protein absorption. Linda the supermodel is permanently on a diet. She loves to eat her favourite diet mints, though, and gets through several packets a day. The sweetener in the mints is a sugar which is not absorbed. She finds that when she eats lots of mints she always gets diarrhoea. What is the most likely reason for this? A) The diarrhoea is most likely to be due to the fact that she has a poor diet and is malnourished. B) The sugar, since it is not absorbed, stays in the gut and ends up in the large intestine, where it increases the peristalsis in the colon and causes diarrhoea. C) The sugar, since it is not absorbed, will not be able to be used to make ATP, which will result in a general reduction in gut function, causing diarrhea. D) The sugar, since it is not absorbed, stays in the gut and ends up in the large intestine, where the osmotic pressure reduces water absorption and makes her stools runny. D) The sugar, since it is not absorbed, stays in the gut and ends up in the large intestine, where the osmotic pressure reduces water absorption and makes her stools runny.

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Exam Revision - HUBS 1406
op op op op




Kidneyopfailureopoftenopleadsopto:

A)opDehydration.
B)opDecreasedopparathyroidophormoneopsecretion.
C)opAcidosis.
D)opIncreasedopredopbloodopcellopproduction. C)opAcidosis.
Substancesoplargeropthanop________opareopnormallyopnotopallowedoptooppassopthroughoptheopfiltrationopme
mbrane.

A)opUrea.
B)opSodiumopions.
C)opGlucose.
D)opAminoopacids.
E)opAlbumin. E)opAlbumin.
Hypoventilationopleadsopto:

A)opLowopplasmaopCO2oplevelsopandophighoppH.
B)opLowopplasmaopCO2oplevelsopandoplowoppH.
C)opHighopplasmaopCO2oplevelsopandophighoppH.
D)opHighopplasmaopCO2oplevelsopandoplowoppH. D)opHighopplasmaopCO2oplevelsopandoplowoppH.
Aoppersonopasoplostopaoplotopofopbloodopafteropaoplargeopcut.opWhichopofoptheopfollowingopwouldopbeoplikelyopt
oopoccuropasopaopresultopofoptheopbloodoploss?

A)opIncreasedopreninopsecretion.
B)opIncreasedopparathyroidophormoneopsecretion.
C)opDecreasedopaldosteroneopsecretion.
D)opDecreasedoperythropoietinopsecretion. A)opIncreasedopreninopsecretion.
Aoppersonopwithopchronicoprenalopfailureopisoplikelyoptoopsufferopfrom:

A)opAnaemia.
B)opIncreasedopappetite.
C)opQuickeropbloodopclotting.op
D)opAlkalosis. A)opAnaemia.
Aoppersonopwithopchronicoprenalopfailureopmayophaveopweakopbonesopbecause:

A)opTheopeffectsopofopacidosisopandopparathyroidophormoneopwouldopcombineoptoopdecreaseoptheopmineral
sopinopbone.
B)opTheopeffectsopofopexcessopvitaminopDopwouldopresultopinophighopplasmaoplevelsopofopcalcium,opleadingop
toopdepositsopinoptheopbones.
C)opTheopnitrogenousopwastesopwouldopbuildopupopinoptheopbone.
D)opTheopeffectsopofoperythropoietinoponoptheopredopboneopmarrowopwouldopweakenoptheopbones.
A)opTheopeffectsopofopacidosisopandopparathyroidophormoneopwouldopcombineoptoopdecreaseoptheop
mineralsopinopbone.

,Aoppersonopwithopchronicopobstructiveoppulmonaryopdiseaseopisopunableoptoopventilateoptheiroplungsopprop
erly.opTheiropkidneysopareoplikelyoptooprespondoptoopthisopby:op

A)opIncreasingopexcretionopofopbicarbonateopions.op
B)opIncreasingopexcretionopofophydrogenopions.
C)opMoreopretentionopofopbicarbonateopions.
D)opBopandopC. D)opBopandopC.
QuentinopVanopHoogleopwasopdiagnosedopasopaopchildopwithopaopsevereopenterokinaseopdeficiency.opBased
oponopwhatopyouopknowopaboutopthisopenzyme,opwhichopofoptheopfollowingopeffectsopwouldopbeoptheopfinalopr

esultopofopthisopdeficiency?
op

A)opIncreasedopmuscleopgrowthopandoprepairopdueoptoopexcessopaminoopacidopavailability.
B)opDiarrhoeaopandopabnormallyophighoplevelsopofopnitrogenousopwastesopinopurine.
C)opConstipationopandopdevelopmentopofopobesityopdueoptooplowopleptinoplevels.
D)opDiarrhoeaopandopoedemaopdueoptooppooropproteinopabsorption.
D)opDiarrhoeaopandopoedemaopdueoptooppooropproteinopabsorption.
Lindaoptheopsupermodelopisoppermanentlyoponopaopdiet.opSheoplovesoptoopeatopheropfavouriteopdietopmints,opth
ough,opandopgetsopthroughopseveraloppacketsopaopday.opTheopsweeteneropinoptheopmintsopisopaopsugaropwhichop
isopnotopabsorbed.opSheopfindsopthatopwhenopsheopeatsoplotsopofopmintsopsheopalwaysopgetsopdiarrhoea.opWhat
opisoptheopmostoplikelyopreasonopforopthis?op




A)opTheopdiarrhoeaopisopmostoplikelyoptoopbeopdueoptooptheopfactopthatopsheophasopaoppooropdietopandopisopmalno
urished.op
B)opTheopsugar,opsinceopitopisopnotopabsorbed,opstaysopinoptheopgutopandopendsopupopinoptheoplargeopintestine,op
whereopitopincreasesoptheopperistalsisopinoptheopcolonopandopcausesopdiarrhoea.
C)opTheopsugar,opsinceopitopisopnotopabsorbed,opwillopnotopbeopableoptoopbeopusedoptoopmakeopATP,opwhichopwi
llopresultopinopaopgeneralopreductionopinopgutopfunction,opcausingopdiarrhoea.
D)opTheopsugar,opsinceopitopisopnotopabsorbed,opstaysopinoptheopgutopandopendsopupopinoptheoplargeopintestine,op
whereoptheoposmoticoppressureopreducesopwateropabsorptionopandopmakesopheropstoolsoprunny.
D)opTheopsugar,opsinceopitopisopnotopabsorbed,opstaysopinoptheopgutopandopendsopupopinoptheoplargeopinte
stine,opwhereoptheoposmoticoppressureopreducesopwateropabsorptionopandopmakesopheropstoolsoprunny.
Glendaopisopalwaysoptryingopoutopnewopdietsopinoporderoptooploseopweight.opThisoptime,opsheoptellsopyouopthato
psheophasopdecidedoptoopstarveopherselfopbyopcuttingopheropintakeopofopcaloriesopdramatically,opand,optoopma

keopsureopsheopdoesn'topfaint,optoopreduceopheroplevelopofopactivityopatoptheopsameoptime.opSheoptellsopyouoptha
topsheopthinksopthisopwillopgiveopheroprapidopweightoploss.opWhatopisoptheopmostoplikelyopresultopofopGlenda'sop
proposedopregime?op

A)opTheopreductionopinopfoodopintakeopwillopincreaseopheropmetabolicoprateopandoptheopreductionopinopactivit
yopwillopreduceopheropmetabolicoprate,opthusopmakingopnoopdifference.
B)opTheopreductionopinopfoodopintakeopwillopcauseopheroptoopstartopmetabolisingopproteinsopinsteadopofopfat,op
andopsheopwilloploseopmuscleopbutopkeepopheropfat.
C)opTheopreductionopinopfoodopintakeopandoptheopreductionopinopactivityopwillopbothopreduceopheropmetaboli
coprate,opmakingopitopharderopforopheroptooploseopweight.
D)opTheopreductionopinopfoodopintakeopandoptheopreductionopinopactivityopwillopincreaseoptheopreleaseopofopth
yroidophormone,
C)opTheopreductionopinopfoodopintakeopandoptheopreductionopinopactivityopwillopbothopreduceopheropm
etabolicoprate,opmakingopitopharderopforopheroptooploseopweight.

, Gladysopjustophadopheropgallopbladderopremoved.opThisopwillopmeanopheropsystemopwillopnowopbeoplessopable
opto:




A)opEmulsifyoplipids.
B)opAbsorbopvitaminopB12.
C)opDigestopproteins.
D)opDigestopcarbohydrates. A)opEmulsifyoplipids.
Ellenophasopadvancedopliveropdisease.opHeropliveropfunctionopisopalmostopzero.opWhichopofoptheopfollowingo
pfunctionsopwouldopbeopaffected?




A)opHeropabilityoptoopsynthesiseopandopstoreopglycogen.
B)opHeropabilityoptoopabsorbopvitaminopB12.
C)opHeropabilityoptoopdigestopproteins.
D)opHeropabilityoptoopdigestopcarbohydrates. A)opHeropabilityoptoopsynthesiseopandopstoreopglycogen.
Brianoptheopbodyopbuilderopisoponopaophigh-
proteinopdietoptoophelpophimopbuildopmuscle.opHeoptakesopmoreopthanoptheoprecommendedopamountopofoppro
teinopeachopday,optoopincreaseophisopproteinopstores.opWhatopwillophappenoptoopthisopprotein?

A)opItopwillopbeopdigestedopintoopaminoopacids,opabsorbedopandopthenopusedopforopproteinopsynthesis.opExce
ssopwillopbeopconvertedopintoopglucoseoporopfatopandoptheopnitrogenousopcomponentopexcretedopinoptheopurin
e.
B)opItopwillopbeopdigestedopintoopaminoopacids,opabsorbedopandopthen,opifopnotoprequiredopforopproteinopsynth
esis,opexcretedopinoptheopfaeces.
C)opItopwillopbeopdigestedopintoopaminoopacids,opabsorbedopandopthenopusedoptoopmakeopATPopforopmuscleopc
ontraction.
D)opItopwillopbeopdigestedopintoopaminoopacids,opabsorbedopandopthenopconvertedoptoopglucoseopforopATPoppr
oduction.opAnyopexcessopaminoopacidsopwillopbeopusedopforopproteinopsynthesis.
A)opItopwillopbeopdigestedopintoopaminoopacids,opabsorbedopandopthenopusedopforopproteinopsynthesis
.opExcessopwillopbeopconvertedopintoopglucoseoporopfatopandoptheopnitrogenousopcomponentopexcretedopinopth
eopurine.
Blockageopofoptheoppancreaticopductopcanopsometimesopleadoptoopactivationopofoptrypsinogenopandopchymo
trypsinogenopinoptheoppancreas.opWhatopwouldoptheopresultopofopthisopactivationopbe?
op

A)opTrypsinopandopchymotrypsin,opwhichopareopamylases,opwouldopbreakopdownoptheopglycogenopstoresopi
noptheoppancreas.
B)opTrypsinopandopchymotrypsin,opwhichopareopproteases,opwouldopstartoptoopdigestoptheoppancreasopitself,o
pcausingoppancreatitis.

C)opTrypsinopandopchymotrypsin,opwhichopareopproteases,opwouldopstartopdigestingopproteinopwhenoptheyop
finallyoparrivedopinoptheopduodenum,opthusopdelayingoptheopdigestiveopprocess.
D)opTrypsinopandopchymotrypsin,opwhichopareoplipases,opwouldopstartoptoopdigestoptheopfatopstoredopinoptheop
pancreas
B)opTrypsinopandopchymotrypsin,opwhichopareopproteases,opwouldopstartoptoopdigestoptheoppancrea
sopitself,opcausingoppancreatitis.
Aoppatientopwhoophasophadopaoplargeoppartopofophisopstomachopsurgicallyopremovedopdevelopsopaopseriousopvi
taminopdeficiencyopasopaopresult.opWhichopvitaminopisoplikelyoptoopbeopdeficient?

A)opVitaminopB12.

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