HEME EXAM 1 LATEST UPDATED
Define CBC and it's parameters - ANSWER Complete Blood Count
Recognize the 5 normal white blood cells in a 100-cell differential. -
ANSWER Neutrophils (42-75%) destroy bacteria
Lymphocytes (16-52%) produce antibodies; kill foreign or virally altered
cells
Monocytes (1-11%) largest circulating blood cell, destroy dead cells,
ingest foreign material
Eosinophils (0-7%) combat parasite infections
Basophils (0-4%) mediate inflammatory responses
State the appropriate specimen used for peripheral blood smear and any
criteria for rejection - ANSWER Lavender top tube (EDTA) Rejected for
unlabeled/mislabeled, clotted, time limit passed
Describe three techniques used to make peripheral blood smears. -
ANSWER Wedge Technique: Easiest, most convenient, most common.
Two slides at 30-45º angle
Coverslip Technique: old. Drop of blood between two coverslips, pull
apart for two stainable smears
Automated Miniprep or Autoprep: make consistent slides
Assess peripheral blood smears for acceptability according to the
acceptable slide criteria outlined in the lesson.
1. Troubleshoot unacceptable slides by providing reasons why they are
unacceptable and formulate how the slide making technique should be
adjusted - ANSWER Smear too long: too big drop, spread too slow
Smear too short: drop too small, spread too fast
Smear too thick: drop too large, spread too fast, angle too large
Smear too thin: drop too small, spread too slow, angle too low
Poor WBC distribution: spread too slow, bubble in drop
Bullet shape: spread before drop fully spread across slide
Tails: spread too slow, delayed spread, not using all drop, dirty slide
Define the components of a Romanowsky stain.
, Identify the cellular structures stained by each component of a Wright
stain: - ANSWER a. Methylene blue: Acidic cellular components of cell
(nucleic acids-RNA DNA, proteins of nuclei, immature/reactive
cytoplasm) Acidic elements that have the "love for basic dye"
b. Eosin: (Pink) Basic components of the cell, hemoglobin, eosinophilic
granules
Determine the criteria of a well stained smear. - ANSWER Slide appears
pink to purple. Blood cells evenly distributed, RBC orange-salmon pink,
WBC nuclei purple-blue, Neutrophil cytoplasm pink-tan with violet
granules, Eosinophil bright orange refractile granules, Basophil granules
purplish-black, Lymphocyte blue cytoplasm, minimal to absent
precipitated stain
Recommend causes and solutions for poor stained slides - ANSWER •
RBC/Eos gray, WBC too dark: stain/buffer too alkaline, inadequate
rinsing, prolonged staining, heparinized blood, smear too thick
• RBC pale, WBC invisible: stain/buffer too acidic, buffer time too short,
over-rinsing, insufficient staining, smear too thin
• Preicpitate: unclean slides, drying during fixation, inadequate fixation of
stain
• Areas between cells staining: inadequate washing, paraproteinemia,
heparinized blood
• Cells washed off slide: fixation problem
D4+ and CD8+ cells are - ANSWER T cells
Monocytes that have entered into the tissues are called - ANSWER
Macrophages
The formation of red blood cells in the bone marrow is called: -
ANSWER Erythropoiesis
The purpose of the extracellular matrix of the bone marrow is to -
ANSWER Provide Structural Support
Growth factors inhibit cellular proliferation by - ANSWER increasing
inhibiting growth factor production
Define CBC and it's parameters - ANSWER Complete Blood Count
Recognize the 5 normal white blood cells in a 100-cell differential. -
ANSWER Neutrophils (42-75%) destroy bacteria
Lymphocytes (16-52%) produce antibodies; kill foreign or virally altered
cells
Monocytes (1-11%) largest circulating blood cell, destroy dead cells,
ingest foreign material
Eosinophils (0-7%) combat parasite infections
Basophils (0-4%) mediate inflammatory responses
State the appropriate specimen used for peripheral blood smear and any
criteria for rejection - ANSWER Lavender top tube (EDTA) Rejected for
unlabeled/mislabeled, clotted, time limit passed
Describe three techniques used to make peripheral blood smears. -
ANSWER Wedge Technique: Easiest, most convenient, most common.
Two slides at 30-45º angle
Coverslip Technique: old. Drop of blood between two coverslips, pull
apart for two stainable smears
Automated Miniprep or Autoprep: make consistent slides
Assess peripheral blood smears for acceptability according to the
acceptable slide criteria outlined in the lesson.
1. Troubleshoot unacceptable slides by providing reasons why they are
unacceptable and formulate how the slide making technique should be
adjusted - ANSWER Smear too long: too big drop, spread too slow
Smear too short: drop too small, spread too fast
Smear too thick: drop too large, spread too fast, angle too large
Smear too thin: drop too small, spread too slow, angle too low
Poor WBC distribution: spread too slow, bubble in drop
Bullet shape: spread before drop fully spread across slide
Tails: spread too slow, delayed spread, not using all drop, dirty slide
Define the components of a Romanowsky stain.
, Identify the cellular structures stained by each component of a Wright
stain: - ANSWER a. Methylene blue: Acidic cellular components of cell
(nucleic acids-RNA DNA, proteins of nuclei, immature/reactive
cytoplasm) Acidic elements that have the "love for basic dye"
b. Eosin: (Pink) Basic components of the cell, hemoglobin, eosinophilic
granules
Determine the criteria of a well stained smear. - ANSWER Slide appears
pink to purple. Blood cells evenly distributed, RBC orange-salmon pink,
WBC nuclei purple-blue, Neutrophil cytoplasm pink-tan with violet
granules, Eosinophil bright orange refractile granules, Basophil granules
purplish-black, Lymphocyte blue cytoplasm, minimal to absent
precipitated stain
Recommend causes and solutions for poor stained slides - ANSWER •
RBC/Eos gray, WBC too dark: stain/buffer too alkaline, inadequate
rinsing, prolonged staining, heparinized blood, smear too thick
• RBC pale, WBC invisible: stain/buffer too acidic, buffer time too short,
over-rinsing, insufficient staining, smear too thin
• Preicpitate: unclean slides, drying during fixation, inadequate fixation of
stain
• Areas between cells staining: inadequate washing, paraproteinemia,
heparinized blood
• Cells washed off slide: fixation problem
D4+ and CD8+ cells are - ANSWER T cells
Monocytes that have entered into the tissues are called - ANSWER
Macrophages
The formation of red blood cells in the bone marrow is called: -
ANSWER Erythropoiesis
The purpose of the extracellular matrix of the bone marrow is to -
ANSWER Provide Structural Support
Growth factors inhibit cellular proliferation by - ANSWER increasing
inhibiting growth factor production
