Maryville Nurs 611 Exam 4 questions with correct
answers
Acute unilateral renal obstruction and hypertension are caused by
Correct Answer-Renal stones
most common type of kidney stone Correct Answer-Calcium oxalate
Amount of cardiac output that kidneys expect to receive Correct
Answer-20-25%
Passage of kidney stones can be extremely painful and cause referred
pain to where? Correct Answer-Umbilicus area
The kidney stones are often jagged, so what ends up happening is that
they get stuck in what? Correct Answer-The ureters
When that kidney stone gets stuck in the ureter, what does it obstruct?
Correct Answer-Urine flow
The kidneys will react due to obstruction, because they expect their 20-
25% of cardiac output. The kidneys do not know why they are not
getting their normal share of cardiac output but they sense the decreased
perfusion due to the obstruction, so those kidneys activate what Correct
Answer-The RAAS system
,With activation of that RAAS system from the kidneys, there is
angiotensin, which is a powerful peripheral constrictor. So, what
happens within those kidneys themselves is decreased tissue perfusion
so they activate the RAAS system which contains the angiotensin with
powerful constrictor properties, so it constricts what? Correct Answer-
Arterioles
When angiotensin constricts the arterioles, what happens as a result?
Correct Answer-Hypertension, so basically HTN happens due to urinary
obstruction
Which population do we think mainly about when we think about UTIs?
Correct Answer-The older populaiton
With older adults it may be harder to determine if they have a UTI
because clinically, the main manifestation that is often seen with the
elderly and a UTI is what? Correct Answer-Confusion, abdominal pain
or discomfort, blood in urine.
What can a UTI lead to very quickly, especially with the older
population? Correct Answer-sepsis
Infection of one or both upper urinary tracts (ureter, renal pelvis, kidney
interstitium) is what? Correct Answer-Pyelonephritis
most common risk factors for pyelonephritis Correct Answer-Urinary
obstruction, and reflux of urine from the bladder.
, most common culprit of pyelonephritis Correct Answer-E. coli, proteus,
pseudomonas
Why do we think of E. coli, especially for women with pyelonephritis?
Correct Answer-Because of proximity of the anus to the urinary tract
On urinalysis what would you see with pyelonephritis Correct Answer-
WBC casts, because they are only formed in the renal tubules
Urine should always go (----) and when there is an obstruction urine
goes (----) Correct Answer-Forward, backward
When the urine flows backward from an obstruction, where does it flow
back into Correct Answer-The renal pelvis
What is the renal pelvis? Correct Answer-is the funnel-like dilated part
of the ureter in the kidney, The renal pelvis functions as a funnel for
urine flowing to the ureter.
When the urine flows backward from an obstruction into the renal
pelvis, what happens? Correct Answer-it causes inflammation, which is
caused by bacteria
answers
Acute unilateral renal obstruction and hypertension are caused by
Correct Answer-Renal stones
most common type of kidney stone Correct Answer-Calcium oxalate
Amount of cardiac output that kidneys expect to receive Correct
Answer-20-25%
Passage of kidney stones can be extremely painful and cause referred
pain to where? Correct Answer-Umbilicus area
The kidney stones are often jagged, so what ends up happening is that
they get stuck in what? Correct Answer-The ureters
When that kidney stone gets stuck in the ureter, what does it obstruct?
Correct Answer-Urine flow
The kidneys will react due to obstruction, because they expect their 20-
25% of cardiac output. The kidneys do not know why they are not
getting their normal share of cardiac output but they sense the decreased
perfusion due to the obstruction, so those kidneys activate what Correct
Answer-The RAAS system
,With activation of that RAAS system from the kidneys, there is
angiotensin, which is a powerful peripheral constrictor. So, what
happens within those kidneys themselves is decreased tissue perfusion
so they activate the RAAS system which contains the angiotensin with
powerful constrictor properties, so it constricts what? Correct Answer-
Arterioles
When angiotensin constricts the arterioles, what happens as a result?
Correct Answer-Hypertension, so basically HTN happens due to urinary
obstruction
Which population do we think mainly about when we think about UTIs?
Correct Answer-The older populaiton
With older adults it may be harder to determine if they have a UTI
because clinically, the main manifestation that is often seen with the
elderly and a UTI is what? Correct Answer-Confusion, abdominal pain
or discomfort, blood in urine.
What can a UTI lead to very quickly, especially with the older
population? Correct Answer-sepsis
Infection of one or both upper urinary tracts (ureter, renal pelvis, kidney
interstitium) is what? Correct Answer-Pyelonephritis
most common risk factors for pyelonephritis Correct Answer-Urinary
obstruction, and reflux of urine from the bladder.
, most common culprit of pyelonephritis Correct Answer-E. coli, proteus,
pseudomonas
Why do we think of E. coli, especially for women with pyelonephritis?
Correct Answer-Because of proximity of the anus to the urinary tract
On urinalysis what would you see with pyelonephritis Correct Answer-
WBC casts, because they are only formed in the renal tubules
Urine should always go (----) and when there is an obstruction urine
goes (----) Correct Answer-Forward, backward
When the urine flows backward from an obstruction, where does it flow
back into Correct Answer-The renal pelvis
What is the renal pelvis? Correct Answer-is the funnel-like dilated part
of the ureter in the kidney, The renal pelvis functions as a funnel for
urine flowing to the ureter.
When the urine flows backward from an obstruction into the renal
pelvis, what happens? Correct Answer-it causes inflammation, which is
caused by bacteria
