Advancements in DNA Sequencing Technologies Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update
Sanger Sequencing - Answers First generation DNA sequencing method developed by Frederick Sanger.
Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) - Answers Advanced sequencing technologies allowing massive
parallel sequencing.
Chain-Termination Method - Answers Technique using ddNTPs to stop DNA strand extension.
Phi X 174 - Answers First genome sequenced using Sanger method in 1977.
Dideoxyribonucleotide (ddNTP) - Answers Modified nucleotide lacking 3'-OH group for termination.
Capillary Electrophoresis - Answers Technique for separating DNA fragments by size.
Fluorescent Dye - Answers Label used to detect DNA fragments in sequencing.
Human Genome Project (HGP) - Answers International project to sequence and map human genes.
Sequencing Read Length - Answers Typical length of sequenced DNA, 750-800 bases.
Illumina Sequencing - Answers Dominant NGS technology known for high throughput.
Library Preparation - Answers Process of preparing DNA/RNA samples for sequencing.
Bridge Amplification - Answers Technique to amplify DNA fragments on a flow cell.
Sequencing by Synthesis (SBS) - Answers Method where nucleotides are added one at a time.
PCR Amplification - Answers Process to increase quantity of DNA fragments.
Flow Cell - Answers Surface where DNA clusters are formed and sequenced.
Base Calling - Answers Determining DNA sequence from digital fluorescence data.
Data Analysis - Answers Interpreting sequencing data to extract meaningful information.
Massively Parallel Sequencing - Answers Simultaneous sequencing of numerous DNA samples.
Cost of HGP - Answers Approximately US$3 billion for sequencing human genome.
Sequencing Adaptors - Answers Short DNA sequences attached to fragments for sequencing.
Image Processing - Answers Converting fluorescence signals into digital sequencing data.
Terminator Group - Answers Chemical group preventing further DNA extension during SBS.
Sequencing Applications - Answers Uses include whole genome, exome, and RNA sequencing.
Run Time - Answers Maximum run time of 2 hours for sequencing.
Sanger Sequencing - Answers First generation DNA sequencing method developed by Frederick Sanger.
Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) - Answers Advanced sequencing technologies allowing massive
parallel sequencing.
Chain-Termination Method - Answers Technique using ddNTPs to stop DNA strand extension.
Phi X 174 - Answers First genome sequenced using Sanger method in 1977.
Dideoxyribonucleotide (ddNTP) - Answers Modified nucleotide lacking 3'-OH group for termination.
Capillary Electrophoresis - Answers Technique for separating DNA fragments by size.
Fluorescent Dye - Answers Label used to detect DNA fragments in sequencing.
Human Genome Project (HGP) - Answers International project to sequence and map human genes.
Sequencing Read Length - Answers Typical length of sequenced DNA, 750-800 bases.
Illumina Sequencing - Answers Dominant NGS technology known for high throughput.
Library Preparation - Answers Process of preparing DNA/RNA samples for sequencing.
Bridge Amplification - Answers Technique to amplify DNA fragments on a flow cell.
Sequencing by Synthesis (SBS) - Answers Method where nucleotides are added one at a time.
PCR Amplification - Answers Process to increase quantity of DNA fragments.
Flow Cell - Answers Surface where DNA clusters are formed and sequenced.
Base Calling - Answers Determining DNA sequence from digital fluorescence data.
Data Analysis - Answers Interpreting sequencing data to extract meaningful information.
Massively Parallel Sequencing - Answers Simultaneous sequencing of numerous DNA samples.
Cost of HGP - Answers Approximately US$3 billion for sequencing human genome.
Sequencing Adaptors - Answers Short DNA sequences attached to fragments for sequencing.
Image Processing - Answers Converting fluorescence signals into digital sequencing data.
Terminator Group - Answers Chemical group preventing further DNA extension during SBS.
Sequencing Applications - Answers Uses include whole genome, exome, and RNA sequencing.
Run Time - Answers Maximum run time of 2 hours for sequencing.
