NURS133 exam 2 updated questions and answers 2024/2025

NURS133 exam 2 updated questions and answers 2024/2025 TB - ANSWERS chronic, recurrent, infectious and caused by the organism mycobacterium tuberculosis. Symptoms and signs of active TB are:-bad cough lasting longer than two weeks.-pain in the chest-coughing up blood or sputum (mucus).-fatigue or weakness.-loss of appetite-unexplained weight loss-chills and fevers-night sweats IM Injection - ANSWERS Locations: Deltoid, vastus lateralis, and ventrogluteal. 90 -degree angle Spread skin taut between thumb and forefinger Insert needle using a quick, darting motion Inject medication slowly. Hold needle in place for 10 seconds to prevent leak back. No aspiration Heparin - ANSWERS Anticoagulant- prevents new clots from forming, given for peripheral arterial occlusion, STEMI, NON-STEMI's, reversal is protamine, monitor Hgb, Hct, platelets, aPTT and/or heparin assay, may cause bruising, anaphylactic shock, vasospasm, unwanted bleeding Warfarin - ANSWERS Inhibits synthesis of vitamin K dependent clotting factors, including prothrombin and factor X, has a slow onset, monitor pT, antidote is Vitamin K. Oseltamivir - ANSWERS Tamiflu / Treatment of acute, uncomplicated influenza in patients 2 weeks of age and older who have been symptomatic for no more than 2 days.• Prophylaxis of influenza in patients 1 year and older.• Not a substitute for the influenza vaccine• If given within 48 hours of symptom onset will shorten the normal 7-day duration to 5 days• Contraindicated - known hypersensitivity to the drug or its components• Drug Interactions - Live attenuated vaccines, intranasal (Must wait 2 weeks after a live vaccine or 48 hours after taking Oseltamivir before getting a live vaccine.• Since medication is pricey and had modest results vaccination is the best alternative• Treatment of acute, uncomplicated influenza in patients 2 weeks of age and older who have been symptomatic for no more than 2 days.• Prophylaxis of influenza in patients 1 year and older.• Not a substitute for the influenza vaccine• If given within 48 hours of symptom onset will shorten the normal 7-day duration• Contraindicated - known hypersensitivity to the drug or its components• Drug Interactions - Live attenuated vaccines,intranasal (Must wait 2 weeks after a live vaccine or 48 hours after taking Oseltamivir before getting a live vaccine.• Since medication is pricey and had modest results vaccination is the best alternative When to call your provider• Child has confusion, speech problems, shaky movements, seizures, or start hearing voices or seeing things that are not there (hallucinations).• Serious skin and allergic reactions Administration With or without food - Taking with food may decrease chance of stomach upset Apixaban - ANSWERS Given PO to prevent post-op DVT and for treatment of PE, Monitor CBC, PTT, PT, creatinine and liver functions. Monitor for signs of bleeding that is not normal, Not for patients with artificial heart valve. Phenytoin/Dilantin - ANSWERS anticonvulsant/antiseizure, stabilize the neuronal membranes and decrease the seizure activity, monitor Dilantin levels, May discolor urine-(brown or brown/red) can have tissue damage if IV infiltrate• avoid infusing in veins in the hand (Purple Glove Syndrome)• baseline vital signs• labs especially renal function, LFT's, amylase, lipase, side affects include: confusion, slurred speech, cardiac dysrhythmias, hypotension, hyperglycemia• gingival hyperplasia• vitamin D deficiency Gabapentin (Neurontin) - ANSWERS Anticonvulsant; Neuropathic Pain, side effects include: sleepiness, dizziness and weight gain. Swallow pills whole, don't take with antacids and do not stop the drug abruptly Donepezil/Aricept - ANSWERS -given for Alzheimer's -slows the progression of the disease but does not reverse the pathological changes in the brain - do not crush, chew or split this medication because it can affect the absorption of the medication - side effects: insomnia, urinary incontinence, vomiting and diarrhea, blurred vision, darkened urine. - give at bedtime - atropine for antidote Levodopa/Carbidopa - ANSWERS Dopamine enhancing drug, used for Parkinson's to relieve tremors, gait and muscle rigidity. - monitor liver function and bun - orthostatic hypotension• uncontrolled and purposeless movements• loss of appetite, N & V• spastic muscle movements Omeperazole (Prilosec) - ANSWERS proton pump inhibitor, used for treating and preventing GI ulcers -Linked to C-diff• Incidence of Osteoporosis• Can cause low Magnesium• If patient is on Warfarin, could cause an increase in bleeding• Decrease the effectiveness of Clopidogrel - side effects: Nausea/vomiting/diarrhea/abdominal pain• headache