BIO 181 Final NCSU
Organism, population, ecosystem, biosphere - ✅✅
-Which of the following is the
biological organization of hierarchical ordered complexity of life that we will be
covering in this course?
False. This is an example of Lamarckian theory; it will not lead to changes in a
✅✅
population because the changes that have occurred are not heritable/ will not
inherited by the offspring. - -The following scenario is likely to result in
evolution: A pregnant woman spends too much time in the sun and suffers
severe sunburn. The sunlight causes genetic changes to the DNA in her skin.
True. This is likely to result in evolution since heritable changes are occurring in
the DNA of germ-line cells of the population that is allowing the colonizing plants
✅✅
to be resistant to the metal toxicity. Thus, it is likely that future offspring will inherit
these traits as well. - -The following scenario is likely to result in evolution:
Toxic levels of heavy metals are dumped as waste from coal mines. Initially, no
plants will grow on the waste dump; but eventually, some grasses begin to
colonize the dump sites and reproduce.
Inheriting acquired characteristics - ✅✅ -Darwin's work on the Galapagos
Islands led him to derive all of the following concepts, EXCEPT:
Bottleneck Effect - ✅✅ -Northern elephant seals have reduced genetic variation
most likely due to being hunted. Hunting reduced their population size to as few
as 20 individuals at the end of the 19th century. Since then, their population has
rebounded to over 30,000, but the genes still have much less variation than the
genes in a population of Southern elephant seals that were never hunted. This is
an example of...
✅✅
Species splits into two genetically-distinct populations adapted to different
ecosystems and/or survival strategies - -Cladogenesis/branching evolution
✅✅
When population of entire species changes on genetic level without a split -
-Anagenesis/phyletic evolution
Evolution - ✅✅ -Our ancestors had much bigger jaws than we do, which helped
them chew a tough diet, tear apart meat, etc. Their teeth also wore down quickly.
Wisdom teeth (third molars) grew later in life, and helped our ancestors continue
to eat. Today, ~35% of people are born without wisdom teeth. This is an example
of:
Founder Effect - ✅✅ -Two members of the initial Amish migration to
Pennsylvania in 1744 shared the recessive allele for Ellis-van Creveld syndrome,
which results in a long narrow chest and shortening of the limbs. More Amish
, not evolve - ✅✅-A population that is infinitely large and in which mating is
completely random is mostly likely to:
e. Heterozygosity -✅✅ -All of the following EXCEPT which one are
mechanisms/modes/ forces of evolution?
a. Natural selection
b. Mutation
c. Gene flow
d. Genetic drift
e. Heterozygosity
Microevolution - ✅✅ -Evolutionary changes within a species are most
accurately referred to as:
Mutations - ✅✅-The only source of new genetic variation (material) is/are...
d. Mating is random - ✅✅-Which of these would support a population
remaining at genetic equilibrium/ NOT evolving? (In other words, which of these
would not cause a population to evolve?)
a. Migration occurs
b. Natural selection occurs
c. New mutations arise
d. Mating is random
e. There is genetic drift
✅✅
a. Leaving their day range
c. Diversification - -One way species evolve is by...
a. Leaving their day range
b. Being the same as their parents
c. Diversification
d. Magic
✅✅
allopatric - -DNA shows that there are three subspecies of African
elephants: 1. the West African species; 2. in Central, Eastern, and Southern
Africa, the Savanna Elephants; and 3. in Central Africa, the forest elephants. This
means that African elephants are a great example of ___ speciation.
✅✅
Stabilizing selection - -Humans who are born too small can lose heat easily,
which can lead to death. Babies born too large can lead to complications for the
mother during childbirth, which can lead to death of the mother and baby
Disruptive Selection -✅✅ -Two distinctly different beak sizes occur in a single
population of black-bellied seed crackers (a finch species that lives in Cameroon,
West Africa). The small-billed individuals feed mainly on soft seeds, while the
Organism, population, ecosystem, biosphere - ✅✅
-Which of the following is the
biological organization of hierarchical ordered complexity of life that we will be
covering in this course?
False. This is an example of Lamarckian theory; it will not lead to changes in a
✅✅
population because the changes that have occurred are not heritable/ will not
inherited by the offspring. - -The following scenario is likely to result in
evolution: A pregnant woman spends too much time in the sun and suffers
severe sunburn. The sunlight causes genetic changes to the DNA in her skin.
True. This is likely to result in evolution since heritable changes are occurring in
the DNA of germ-line cells of the population that is allowing the colonizing plants
✅✅
to be resistant to the metal toxicity. Thus, it is likely that future offspring will inherit
these traits as well. - -The following scenario is likely to result in evolution:
Toxic levels of heavy metals are dumped as waste from coal mines. Initially, no
plants will grow on the waste dump; but eventually, some grasses begin to
colonize the dump sites and reproduce.
Inheriting acquired characteristics - ✅✅ -Darwin's work on the Galapagos
Islands led him to derive all of the following concepts, EXCEPT:
Bottleneck Effect - ✅✅ -Northern elephant seals have reduced genetic variation
most likely due to being hunted. Hunting reduced their population size to as few
as 20 individuals at the end of the 19th century. Since then, their population has
rebounded to over 30,000, but the genes still have much less variation than the
genes in a population of Southern elephant seals that were never hunted. This is
an example of...
✅✅
Species splits into two genetically-distinct populations adapted to different
ecosystems and/or survival strategies - -Cladogenesis/branching evolution
✅✅
When population of entire species changes on genetic level without a split -
-Anagenesis/phyletic evolution
Evolution - ✅✅ -Our ancestors had much bigger jaws than we do, which helped
them chew a tough diet, tear apart meat, etc. Their teeth also wore down quickly.
Wisdom teeth (third molars) grew later in life, and helped our ancestors continue
to eat. Today, ~35% of people are born without wisdom teeth. This is an example
of:
Founder Effect - ✅✅ -Two members of the initial Amish migration to
Pennsylvania in 1744 shared the recessive allele for Ellis-van Creveld syndrome,
which results in a long narrow chest and shortening of the limbs. More Amish
, not evolve - ✅✅-A population that is infinitely large and in which mating is
completely random is mostly likely to:
e. Heterozygosity -✅✅ -All of the following EXCEPT which one are
mechanisms/modes/ forces of evolution?
a. Natural selection
b. Mutation
c. Gene flow
d. Genetic drift
e. Heterozygosity
Microevolution - ✅✅ -Evolutionary changes within a species are most
accurately referred to as:
Mutations - ✅✅-The only source of new genetic variation (material) is/are...
d. Mating is random - ✅✅-Which of these would support a population
remaining at genetic equilibrium/ NOT evolving? (In other words, which of these
would not cause a population to evolve?)
a. Migration occurs
b. Natural selection occurs
c. New mutations arise
d. Mating is random
e. There is genetic drift
✅✅
a. Leaving their day range
c. Diversification - -One way species evolve is by...
a. Leaving their day range
b. Being the same as their parents
c. Diversification
d. Magic
✅✅
allopatric - -DNA shows that there are three subspecies of African
elephants: 1. the West African species; 2. in Central, Eastern, and Southern
Africa, the Savanna Elephants; and 3. in Central Africa, the forest elephants. This
means that African elephants are a great example of ___ speciation.
✅✅
Stabilizing selection - -Humans who are born too small can lose heat easily,
which can lead to death. Babies born too large can lead to complications for the
mother during childbirth, which can lead to death of the mother and baby
Disruptive Selection -✅✅ -Two distinctly different beak sizes occur in a single
population of black-bellied seed crackers (a finch species that lives in Cameroon,
West Africa). The small-billed individuals feed mainly on soft seeds, while the
