©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/10/2024 11:44 AM
NURS 1220 Week 3 Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
Acid: - answer✔A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.
Base/alkaline: - answer✔substances that binds free hydrogen ions in solutions and lowers the
amount of free hydrogen in the solution
Buffers: - answer✔substances that help keep body pH normal levels
pH: - answer✔measurement of the free hydrogen ions in the body (goal 7.35-7.45)
Acid-base balance: - answer✔The process of regulating the pH, as well as the bicarbonate
concentration in the partial pressure of CO2 in body fluids
Two processes that work to keep a stable level of hydrogen ions in the body: -
answer✔metabolic processes through the kidneys
the respiratory processes through the lungs
Alterations in acid base balance can affect a variety of processes in the human body like the
following: - answer✔-shape and function of hormones & enzymes
-fluid & electrolyte balance
-excitability of membranes
-effectiveness of various medications
Control mechanisms are - answer✔the kidneys and lungs
Respiratory/lungs: - answer✔When chemical buffers alone cannot prevent changes in blood pH
levels, the respiratory system is the second line of defense
What is the first line of defense? - answer✔Buffers would be the first line of defense in the body
to correct any fluctuations in acid-base balance
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/10/2024 11:44 AM
As CO2 levels rise above normal level what occurs in the body? - answer✔the body begins to
increase the rate and depth of breathing-causing a pt to hyperventilate causing the level of CO2
to reduce
As CO2 levels drop below normal level what occurs in the body? - answer✔the body begins to
decrease the rate and depth of breathing-causing a pt to hypo ventilate causing the level of CO2
to increase
When chemical buffers in the respiratory system are unsuccessful in preventing changes in the
blood pH, - answer✔the metabolic system is the third of defense
Metabolic system: - answer✔-stronger for regulating
-kidneys control how bicarbonate is reabsorbed and or excreted
-Renal system is more powerful
-takes longer to kick in than chemical/respiratory systems
3 pathways that affect pH: - answer✔-kidney involvement of bicarbonate
-Formation of acids ⇨ phosphate binds to hydrogen ions and can be excreted in urine
-formation of ammonium ⇨ breakdown of proteins in the kidneys binds to hydrogen ions and
can be excreted in urine
Acidosis: - answer✔levels of acid in blood is too high (<7.35)
Alkalosis: - answer✔levels of alkaline (basic) fluids too high (>7.45)
Metabolic acidosis: - answer✔levels of HCO3 lowered in blood, pH low HCO3 <21
Respiratory acidosis: - answer✔levels of CO2 elevated in blood, pH low CO2 >45
Metabolic alkalosis: - answer✔level of HCO3 elevated in blood, pH high
Respiratory alkalosis: - answer✔levels of CO2 lowered in the blood, pH high
Metabolic Acidosis & causes: - answer✔Hydrogen ions:
-overproduction (diabetic ketoacidosis, overdose of aspirin)
-under elimination (renal failure, kidneys are not filtering out acids from the body)
Bicarbonate ions:
10/10/2024 11:44 AM
NURS 1220 Week 3 Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
Acid: - answer✔A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.
Base/alkaline: - answer✔substances that binds free hydrogen ions in solutions and lowers the
amount of free hydrogen in the solution
Buffers: - answer✔substances that help keep body pH normal levels
pH: - answer✔measurement of the free hydrogen ions in the body (goal 7.35-7.45)
Acid-base balance: - answer✔The process of regulating the pH, as well as the bicarbonate
concentration in the partial pressure of CO2 in body fluids
Two processes that work to keep a stable level of hydrogen ions in the body: -
answer✔metabolic processes through the kidneys
the respiratory processes through the lungs
Alterations in acid base balance can affect a variety of processes in the human body like the
following: - answer✔-shape and function of hormones & enzymes
-fluid & electrolyte balance
-excitability of membranes
-effectiveness of various medications
Control mechanisms are - answer✔the kidneys and lungs
Respiratory/lungs: - answer✔When chemical buffers alone cannot prevent changes in blood pH
levels, the respiratory system is the second line of defense
What is the first line of defense? - answer✔Buffers would be the first line of defense in the body
to correct any fluctuations in acid-base balance
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/10/2024 11:44 AM
As CO2 levels rise above normal level what occurs in the body? - answer✔the body begins to
increase the rate and depth of breathing-causing a pt to hyperventilate causing the level of CO2
to reduce
As CO2 levels drop below normal level what occurs in the body? - answer✔the body begins to
decrease the rate and depth of breathing-causing a pt to hypo ventilate causing the level of CO2
to increase
When chemical buffers in the respiratory system are unsuccessful in preventing changes in the
blood pH, - answer✔the metabolic system is the third of defense
Metabolic system: - answer✔-stronger for regulating
-kidneys control how bicarbonate is reabsorbed and or excreted
-Renal system is more powerful
-takes longer to kick in than chemical/respiratory systems
3 pathways that affect pH: - answer✔-kidney involvement of bicarbonate
-Formation of acids ⇨ phosphate binds to hydrogen ions and can be excreted in urine
-formation of ammonium ⇨ breakdown of proteins in the kidneys binds to hydrogen ions and
can be excreted in urine
Acidosis: - answer✔levels of acid in blood is too high (<7.35)
Alkalosis: - answer✔levels of alkaline (basic) fluids too high (>7.45)
Metabolic acidosis: - answer✔levels of HCO3 lowered in blood, pH low HCO3 <21
Respiratory acidosis: - answer✔levels of CO2 elevated in blood, pH low CO2 >45
Metabolic alkalosis: - answer✔level of HCO3 elevated in blood, pH high
Respiratory alkalosis: - answer✔levels of CO2 lowered in the blood, pH high
Metabolic Acidosis & causes: - answer✔Hydrogen ions:
-overproduction (diabetic ketoacidosis, overdose of aspirin)
-under elimination (renal failure, kidneys are not filtering out acids from the body)
Bicarbonate ions:
