©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/10/2024 11:44 AM
NURS 487 Midterm #1 Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
Inspect, palpate, auscultate, percuss, smell - answer✔IPAP-S
Jugular vein distention (JVD) - answer✔- increased right side heart pressure
Cardiovascular objective assessment - answer✔- IPAP-S
- neck vessels
- blood pressure
- pulse
- precordium (heart sounds)
Pallor - answer✔- grey/white appearance
Cyanosis - answer✔- blue
- lack of oxygen
Mottling - answer✔- sign of poor perfusion
Clubbing - answer✔- sign of chronic hypoximia
Splinter hemorrhages - answer✔- sign of infective endocarditis
Heave or lift - answer✔- sustains thrusting of ventricle during systole
- appears on the 4th or 5th IC space
Thrill - answer✔- palpable
- associated with murmurs and extra heart sounds
S1 - answer✔- loudest at apex of heart
- best heard with diaphragm
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/10/2024 11:44 AM
- first heart sound
- closure of tricuspid and mitral valves
- beginning of systole
S2 - answer✔- loudest at base of heart
- best heard with diaphragm
- second heart sound
- closure of aortic and pulmonic valves
- beginning of diastole
Aortic valve - answer✔- best heart with diaphragm
- between aorta and left ventricle
Pulmonic valve - answer✔- best heard with diaphragm
- between pulmonary artery and right ventricle
Tricuspid valve - answer✔- best heard with diaphragm
- between right atrium and right ventricle
Mitral valve - answer✔- best heard with diaphragm
- between left atrium and left ventricle
- more likely to have a murmur as it is on the bigger side of the heart
S3 - answer✔- caused by ventricular filling
- associated with volume and heart failure
- occurs when ventricles are resistant to filling during rapid phase
- immediately after S2
- ventricular gallop
- "Kentucky," low intense vibrations
- most common
S4 - answer✔- caused by atrial contraction
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/10/2024 11:44 AM
- before S1
- atrial gallop
- "Tennessee," low frequency vibrations
- associated with CAD, after load, ventricular obstruction, HTN
Innocent murmur - answer✔- no valve problems, or a pathological cause
Functional murmur - answer✔- due to increased blood flow in heart
- causes: anemia, fever, pregnancy
Pregnancy induced hypertension - answer✔- murmur with a high BP
- increased in BP of 30/15mmHg
- systolic murmurs usually go away after delivery
Dextrocardia - answer✔- heart is on the right side
100-180 - answer✔newborn heart rate
50-100 - answer✔10 yo to adult heart rate
1+ Pitting Edema - answer✔- mild pitting, slight indentation, no perceptible swelling of the leg
2+ Pitting Edema - answer✔- moderate pitting, indentation subsides rapidly
3+ Pitting Edema - answer✔- deep pitting, indentation remains for a short time, leg looks
swollen
4+ Pitting Edema - answer✔- very deep pitting, indentation lasts a long time, leg is very swollen
Cardiac Output - answer✔- the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle per minute
Variable of Cardiac Output - answer✔- heart rate
- stroke volume (preload, after load, an contractility)
- metabolic rate and O2 demand
- females < males (females have smaller heart)
- larger body
- decreases with age
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/10/2024 11:44 AM
- decreased from supine to upright
CO = HR x SV - answer✔Cardiac Output equation
Chemoreceptors - answer✔- respond to heart rate, O2 levels, pH levels
- recognize levels of gases in blood: pH, PaCO2, PaO2
Alpha Receptors - answer✔- in periphery
- vasocontrict when stimulated
- dilate when inhibited
Beta 1 Receptors - answer✔- in heart
- increase SNS and heart rate when stimulated
- decrease stimulation from SA to AV nodes when inhibited
Beta 2 Receptors - answer✔- in lungs
- vasodilator when stimulated
- Ventolin is an agonist
Less than 60bpm - answer✔Bradycardia heart rate
Above 100bpm - answer✔Tachycardia heart rate
Heart Rate - answer✔- controlled by autonomic nervous system, neural reflexes, atrial receptors
and hormones
Centres of the Brain - answer✔- control heart rate
- medulla and pons areas of the brainstem
- hypothalmus
- cerebral cortex
- thalamus
Neural Reflexes - answer✔- control heart rate
- baroreceptors respond to BP and HR
- tissue receptors found in aortic arch and carotid sinus
10/10/2024 11:44 AM
NURS 487 Midterm #1 Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
Inspect, palpate, auscultate, percuss, smell - answer✔IPAP-S
Jugular vein distention (JVD) - answer✔- increased right side heart pressure
Cardiovascular objective assessment - answer✔- IPAP-S
- neck vessels
- blood pressure
- pulse
- precordium (heart sounds)
Pallor - answer✔- grey/white appearance
Cyanosis - answer✔- blue
- lack of oxygen
Mottling - answer✔- sign of poor perfusion
Clubbing - answer✔- sign of chronic hypoximia
Splinter hemorrhages - answer✔- sign of infective endocarditis
Heave or lift - answer✔- sustains thrusting of ventricle during systole
- appears on the 4th or 5th IC space
Thrill - answer✔- palpable
- associated with murmurs and extra heart sounds
S1 - answer✔- loudest at apex of heart
- best heard with diaphragm
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/10/2024 11:44 AM
- first heart sound
- closure of tricuspid and mitral valves
- beginning of systole
S2 - answer✔- loudest at base of heart
- best heard with diaphragm
- second heart sound
- closure of aortic and pulmonic valves
- beginning of diastole
Aortic valve - answer✔- best heart with diaphragm
- between aorta and left ventricle
Pulmonic valve - answer✔- best heard with diaphragm
- between pulmonary artery and right ventricle
Tricuspid valve - answer✔- best heard with diaphragm
- between right atrium and right ventricle
Mitral valve - answer✔- best heard with diaphragm
- between left atrium and left ventricle
- more likely to have a murmur as it is on the bigger side of the heart
S3 - answer✔- caused by ventricular filling
- associated with volume and heart failure
- occurs when ventricles are resistant to filling during rapid phase
- immediately after S2
- ventricular gallop
- "Kentucky," low intense vibrations
- most common
S4 - answer✔- caused by atrial contraction
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/10/2024 11:44 AM
- before S1
- atrial gallop
- "Tennessee," low frequency vibrations
- associated with CAD, after load, ventricular obstruction, HTN
Innocent murmur - answer✔- no valve problems, or a pathological cause
Functional murmur - answer✔- due to increased blood flow in heart
- causes: anemia, fever, pregnancy
Pregnancy induced hypertension - answer✔- murmur with a high BP
- increased in BP of 30/15mmHg
- systolic murmurs usually go away after delivery
Dextrocardia - answer✔- heart is on the right side
100-180 - answer✔newborn heart rate
50-100 - answer✔10 yo to adult heart rate
1+ Pitting Edema - answer✔- mild pitting, slight indentation, no perceptible swelling of the leg
2+ Pitting Edema - answer✔- moderate pitting, indentation subsides rapidly
3+ Pitting Edema - answer✔- deep pitting, indentation remains for a short time, leg looks
swollen
4+ Pitting Edema - answer✔- very deep pitting, indentation lasts a long time, leg is very swollen
Cardiac Output - answer✔- the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle per minute
Variable of Cardiac Output - answer✔- heart rate
- stroke volume (preload, after load, an contractility)
- metabolic rate and O2 demand
- females < males (females have smaller heart)
- larger body
- decreases with age
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/10/2024 11:44 AM
- decreased from supine to upright
CO = HR x SV - answer✔Cardiac Output equation
Chemoreceptors - answer✔- respond to heart rate, O2 levels, pH levels
- recognize levels of gases in blood: pH, PaCO2, PaO2
Alpha Receptors - answer✔- in periphery
- vasocontrict when stimulated
- dilate when inhibited
Beta 1 Receptors - answer✔- in heart
- increase SNS and heart rate when stimulated
- decrease stimulation from SA to AV nodes when inhibited
Beta 2 Receptors - answer✔- in lungs
- vasodilator when stimulated
- Ventolin is an agonist
Less than 60bpm - answer✔Bradycardia heart rate
Above 100bpm - answer✔Tachycardia heart rate
Heart Rate - answer✔- controlled by autonomic nervous system, neural reflexes, atrial receptors
and hormones
Centres of the Brain - answer✔- control heart rate
- medulla and pons areas of the brainstem
- hypothalmus
- cerebral cortex
- thalamus
Neural Reflexes - answer✔- control heart rate
- baroreceptors respond to BP and HR
- tissue receptors found in aortic arch and carotid sinus
