Memmlers The Human Body 13th Edition
Ch1-4 Questions With Answers 2025.
Anatomy - ANSWER- The study of body structure.
Physiology - ANSWER- The study of how the body functions.
Pathology - ANSWER- The study of disease.
Levels of Organization - ANSWER- Chemicals
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ systems
Body as a whole
The system that processes sensory information. - ANSWER- Nervous system
The system that delivers nutrients to the body. - ANSWER- Cardiovascular system
The system that breaks down and absorbs food. - ANSWER- Digestive system
The system that includes the fingernails. - ANSWER- Integumentary system
The system that includes the bladder - ANSWER- Urinary system
The system that includes the joints - ANSWER- Skeletal system
The system that delivers oxygen to the blood. - ANSWER- Respiratory system
The system that includes the tonsils - ANSWER- Lymphatic system
The term meaning above, or in a higher position. - ANSWER- Superior
The term meaning below, or lower. - ANSWER- Inferior
The term/s meaning toward the belly surface or front of body. - ANSWER- Anterior or
Ventral
The term that refer to the locations nearer the back. - ANSWER- Posterior or Dorsal
Term meaning nearer to the origin or attachment point of structure. - ANSWER-
Proximal
, Term meaning further from that point - ANSWER- Distal
What cavity contains the stomach, most of the intestine, the liver, the gallbladder, the
pancreas, and the spleen. - ANSWER- Abdominal Cavity
What level on the PH system is the most acidic? - ANSWER- Zero
What level on the PH system is the most alkaline? - ANSWER- Fourteen
Has the same concentration of dissolved substances as the fluid in the cell. - ANSWER-
Isotonic example 0.9% salt (normal saline); 5% glucose.
What effect does Isotonic solution have on the cell? - ANSWER- None; cell in
equilibrium with it's environment.
Has a lower concentration of dissolved substances then the fluid in the cell. - ANSWER-
Hypotonic example less than 0.9% salt; or 5% glucose
What effect does Hypotonic solution have on the cell? - ANSWER- Cell takes in water,
swells, and may burst; red blood cell undergoes hemolysis.
Has a higher concentration of dissolved substances then the fluid in the cell. -
ANSWER- Hypertonic example higher then 0.9% salt or glucose
What effect does Hypertonic solution have on the cell? - ANSWER- Cell will lose water
and shrink; cell undergoes crenation.
Risk factors of cancer - ANSWER- Heredity, Chemicals, Radiation, Obesity, Physical
inactivity, Poor nutrition, and Infectious agents.
The substance in which another substance is dissolved - ANSWER- Solvent
A substance that is dissolved in another substance - ANSWER- Solute
A mixture in which substances will settle out unless the mixture is shaken. - ANSWER-
Suspension
Term used to describe a solution mostly formed of water. - ANSWER- Aqueous
Cytosol and blood plasma are examples of this type of suspension. - ANSWER- Colloid
Any combination of two or more substances in which each constituent maintains its
identity. - ANSWER- Mixture
Ch1-4 Questions With Answers 2025.
Anatomy - ANSWER- The study of body structure.
Physiology - ANSWER- The study of how the body functions.
Pathology - ANSWER- The study of disease.
Levels of Organization - ANSWER- Chemicals
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ systems
Body as a whole
The system that processes sensory information. - ANSWER- Nervous system
The system that delivers nutrients to the body. - ANSWER- Cardiovascular system
The system that breaks down and absorbs food. - ANSWER- Digestive system
The system that includes the fingernails. - ANSWER- Integumentary system
The system that includes the bladder - ANSWER- Urinary system
The system that includes the joints - ANSWER- Skeletal system
The system that delivers oxygen to the blood. - ANSWER- Respiratory system
The system that includes the tonsils - ANSWER- Lymphatic system
The term meaning above, or in a higher position. - ANSWER- Superior
The term meaning below, or lower. - ANSWER- Inferior
The term/s meaning toward the belly surface or front of body. - ANSWER- Anterior or
Ventral
The term that refer to the locations nearer the back. - ANSWER- Posterior or Dorsal
Term meaning nearer to the origin or attachment point of structure. - ANSWER-
Proximal
, Term meaning further from that point - ANSWER- Distal
What cavity contains the stomach, most of the intestine, the liver, the gallbladder, the
pancreas, and the spleen. - ANSWER- Abdominal Cavity
What level on the PH system is the most acidic? - ANSWER- Zero
What level on the PH system is the most alkaline? - ANSWER- Fourteen
Has the same concentration of dissolved substances as the fluid in the cell. - ANSWER-
Isotonic example 0.9% salt (normal saline); 5% glucose.
What effect does Isotonic solution have on the cell? - ANSWER- None; cell in
equilibrium with it's environment.
Has a lower concentration of dissolved substances then the fluid in the cell. - ANSWER-
Hypotonic example less than 0.9% salt; or 5% glucose
What effect does Hypotonic solution have on the cell? - ANSWER- Cell takes in water,
swells, and may burst; red blood cell undergoes hemolysis.
Has a higher concentration of dissolved substances then the fluid in the cell. -
ANSWER- Hypertonic example higher then 0.9% salt or glucose
What effect does Hypertonic solution have on the cell? - ANSWER- Cell will lose water
and shrink; cell undergoes crenation.
Risk factors of cancer - ANSWER- Heredity, Chemicals, Radiation, Obesity, Physical
inactivity, Poor nutrition, and Infectious agents.
The substance in which another substance is dissolved - ANSWER- Solvent
A substance that is dissolved in another substance - ANSWER- Solute
A mixture in which substances will settle out unless the mixture is shaken. - ANSWER-
Suspension
Term used to describe a solution mostly formed of water. - ANSWER- Aqueous
Cytosol and blood plasma are examples of this type of suspension. - ANSWER- Colloid
Any combination of two or more substances in which each constituent maintains its
identity. - ANSWER- Mixture
