Professional Issues I Final Exam Review Questions &
Answers.
List the four central concepts in the paradigm for the discipline of dental hygiene. - 1. Client
2. Environment
3. Health/Oral health
4. Dental hygiene actions
List the steps (in order) for the dental hygiene process of care. - 1. Assessment
2. Diagnosis
3. Planning
4. Implementation
5. Evaluation
List the 4 Conceptual Models and briefly describe each one. - 1. The Occupational Model:
views the concept of dental hygiene actions as technically based
2. The Professional Model: views dental hygiene actions as knowledge based
3. The Collaborative Practice Model: assumes that dentists and dental hygienists work
together as colleagues
4. The Human Needs Conceptual Model: defines dental hygiene actions in terms of the
human needs theory
What are 5 roles a professional dental hygienist can perform? - 1. Clinician
2. Administrator
3. Advocator
4. Researcher
5. Educator
,What are 3 (Moral) Models of Professionalism and which model does dental hygiene
practice follow to deliver care? - 1. Commercial Model
2. Guild Model
3. Interactive Model: Dental Hygiene practice follows this one
List 4 factors that must be considered when implementing evidence-based decision
making in dental hygiene practice. - 1. Scientific evidence
2. Experience and judgement
3. Clinical Patient circumstances
4. Patient Preferences or values
List the Professional Traits for the Dental Hygienist. - 1. Clinical Competence
2. Communication skills = foundation of trust, make sure the client is let to speak and make
sure you listen and hear them
3. Ethical and legal understanding
4. Critical thinking ability = sound judgment for every client: technical, scientific, ethical
dimensions
5. Honesty & Integrity = trust
6. Caring & Compassion = empathy
7. Reliability & Responsibility = performing services to the best standard of care, sound
judgment, maintaining current knowledge, CE
8. Maturity & Self-Analysis = improving or changing skills when necessary
9. Respect For Self = maintain your own physical and mental health
10. Loyalty = protecting and promoting the interests of a person, group or organization.
Promises made are carefully made and kept.
11. Tolerance For Others = treat all clients without discrimination
What are the application of the principles of Professionalism? - 1. Excellence
2. Humanism
3. Accountability
4.Altruism
,List the 8 unmet human needs. - 1. Protection from Health Risks: Premedication required,
HBP uncontrolled, uncontrolled illness (anything that can risk a Medical Emergency)
2. Freedom from Stress: bad experiences in the past, anxiety, fear of treatment, fear of
needles
3. Wholesome Facial Image: facial disfigurement, yellow teeth, wearing Dentures, facial
changes with age (can affect self-worth)
4. Skin and Mucous Membrane Integrity of Head and Neck: periodontal disease, gingival
disease (focus here is evidence of inflammation) intraoral/extraoral lesions caused by?
E.g. Nutritional deficiencies, medications or poor OH?
5. Biologically Sound Dentition: anything to do with the dentition (lacking) condition.
Broken restorations, ill-fitting partial dentures or crown and bridge, caries, calculus, plaque
and extrinsic stain
6. Conceptualization and Problem Solving: Client lacks understanding of processes, this
could be ADPIE or how caries occur, how disease occurs.....the clients level of knowledge
of the subject is low
7. Freedom from Head and Neck Pain: pain during instrumentation (needs anesthetic), jaw
pain (maybe has limited opening or TMJ issues...
8. Responsibility for Oral Health: If client has poor OSC, no dental exam within 2 years,
poor parental supervision for child's OSC, client is performing inadequate OSC on a daily
basis
List the 7 Characteristics of a True Profession. - 1. Specialized body of knowledge & skill of
great value to society
2. Intensive academic course of study
3. Standard of practice determined & regulated by the group
4. External recognition by society
5. Code of Ethics
6. Organized association
7. Service orientation
List the Determinants of Health. - 1. Income
2. Social support
3. Education and literacy
4. Employment and working conditions
, 5. Social environments
6. Physical environments
7. Personal health practices and coping skills
8. Healthy child development, biology and genetic endowment
9. Health services
10. Gender
11. Culture
Who most commonly experiences health disparities? - 1. low socioeconomic status people
2. Aboriginal people
3. Women
4. Those who live in geographically remote areas.
What are some roles a dental hygienist could do in order to alleviate disparities and
develop effective oral healthcare systems? - 1. Volunteer at dental health fairs
2. Educate clients regarding the importance of public programs and practitioners
3. Support research on oral health disparities
4. Advocate for increased scope of practice regulations that would allow dental hygienists
to provide more care to the underserved, in a variety of settings.
5. Collaborating among many stakeholders and advocating the need for increased access
to oral-health care.
What are two ways that a dental hygienist could advocate at a political level? - 1. Engage
your elected official by writing a letter
2. Meet with politicians
List the five aspects that must be considered when integrating cross-cultural dental
hygiene into the process of care. - 1. Social
2. Political
3. Ethnic
4. Religious
5. Economic
Answers.
List the four central concepts in the paradigm for the discipline of dental hygiene. - 1. Client
2. Environment
3. Health/Oral health
4. Dental hygiene actions
List the steps (in order) for the dental hygiene process of care. - 1. Assessment
2. Diagnosis
3. Planning
4. Implementation
5. Evaluation
List the 4 Conceptual Models and briefly describe each one. - 1. The Occupational Model:
views the concept of dental hygiene actions as technically based
2. The Professional Model: views dental hygiene actions as knowledge based
3. The Collaborative Practice Model: assumes that dentists and dental hygienists work
together as colleagues
4. The Human Needs Conceptual Model: defines dental hygiene actions in terms of the
human needs theory
What are 5 roles a professional dental hygienist can perform? - 1. Clinician
2. Administrator
3. Advocator
4. Researcher
5. Educator
,What are 3 (Moral) Models of Professionalism and which model does dental hygiene
practice follow to deliver care? - 1. Commercial Model
2. Guild Model
3. Interactive Model: Dental Hygiene practice follows this one
List 4 factors that must be considered when implementing evidence-based decision
making in dental hygiene practice. - 1. Scientific evidence
2. Experience and judgement
3. Clinical Patient circumstances
4. Patient Preferences or values
List the Professional Traits for the Dental Hygienist. - 1. Clinical Competence
2. Communication skills = foundation of trust, make sure the client is let to speak and make
sure you listen and hear them
3. Ethical and legal understanding
4. Critical thinking ability = sound judgment for every client: technical, scientific, ethical
dimensions
5. Honesty & Integrity = trust
6. Caring & Compassion = empathy
7. Reliability & Responsibility = performing services to the best standard of care, sound
judgment, maintaining current knowledge, CE
8. Maturity & Self-Analysis = improving or changing skills when necessary
9. Respect For Self = maintain your own physical and mental health
10. Loyalty = protecting and promoting the interests of a person, group or organization.
Promises made are carefully made and kept.
11. Tolerance For Others = treat all clients without discrimination
What are the application of the principles of Professionalism? - 1. Excellence
2. Humanism
3. Accountability
4.Altruism
,List the 8 unmet human needs. - 1. Protection from Health Risks: Premedication required,
HBP uncontrolled, uncontrolled illness (anything that can risk a Medical Emergency)
2. Freedom from Stress: bad experiences in the past, anxiety, fear of treatment, fear of
needles
3. Wholesome Facial Image: facial disfigurement, yellow teeth, wearing Dentures, facial
changes with age (can affect self-worth)
4. Skin and Mucous Membrane Integrity of Head and Neck: periodontal disease, gingival
disease (focus here is evidence of inflammation) intraoral/extraoral lesions caused by?
E.g. Nutritional deficiencies, medications or poor OH?
5. Biologically Sound Dentition: anything to do with the dentition (lacking) condition.
Broken restorations, ill-fitting partial dentures or crown and bridge, caries, calculus, plaque
and extrinsic stain
6. Conceptualization and Problem Solving: Client lacks understanding of processes, this
could be ADPIE or how caries occur, how disease occurs.....the clients level of knowledge
of the subject is low
7. Freedom from Head and Neck Pain: pain during instrumentation (needs anesthetic), jaw
pain (maybe has limited opening or TMJ issues...
8. Responsibility for Oral Health: If client has poor OSC, no dental exam within 2 years,
poor parental supervision for child's OSC, client is performing inadequate OSC on a daily
basis
List the 7 Characteristics of a True Profession. - 1. Specialized body of knowledge & skill of
great value to society
2. Intensive academic course of study
3. Standard of practice determined & regulated by the group
4. External recognition by society
5. Code of Ethics
6. Organized association
7. Service orientation
List the Determinants of Health. - 1. Income
2. Social support
3. Education and literacy
4. Employment and working conditions
, 5. Social environments
6. Physical environments
7. Personal health practices and coping skills
8. Healthy child development, biology and genetic endowment
9. Health services
10. Gender
11. Culture
Who most commonly experiences health disparities? - 1. low socioeconomic status people
2. Aboriginal people
3. Women
4. Those who live in geographically remote areas.
What are some roles a dental hygienist could do in order to alleviate disparities and
develop effective oral healthcare systems? - 1. Volunteer at dental health fairs
2. Educate clients regarding the importance of public programs and practitioners
3. Support research on oral health disparities
4. Advocate for increased scope of practice regulations that would allow dental hygienists
to provide more care to the underserved, in a variety of settings.
5. Collaborating among many stakeholders and advocating the need for increased access
to oral-health care.
What are two ways that a dental hygienist could advocate at a political level? - 1. Engage
your elected official by writing a letter
2. Meet with politicians
List the five aspects that must be considered when integrating cross-cultural dental
hygiene into the process of care. - 1. Social
2. Political
3. Ethnic
4. Religious
5. Economic
