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Terms in this set (322)
-gradually increasing then decreasing rate and depth in a cycle
Cheyne-Stokes lasting from 30 - 180 secs, with apnea up to 60 secs
-increased ICP, meningitis, overdose
-increased rate and depth with irregular periods of apnea
Biots
-CNS problem, head/brain injury
-increased rate, depth, irregular rhythm, breathing sounds labored
Kussmaul's
-Raspy voice
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, prolonged gasping inspiration followed by extremely short, insufficient
Apneustic expiration
-respiratory center problems, trauma, tumor
cachectic muscle atrophy/loss of muscle tone
-chest moves inward during inspiratory efforts instead of outward
retractions -blocked airway in adults = INTUBATE
-RDS in infants
-dry, non-productive cough may indicate tumor in the lungs
Character of cough or asthma
-productive cough may indicate infection
-short receding mandible (chin)
evidence of difficult -enlarged tongue (macroglossia)
airway -bull neck
-limited neck range-of-motion
pulsus paradoxus -pulse/blood pressure varies with respiration. may indicate
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, severe air trapping (status asthmaticus or cardiac tamponade)
-vibrations felt by hand on chest wall
-vocal fremitus: voice vibrations on the chest wall
tactile fremitus -pleural rub fremitus: grating sensation due to roughened
pleural spaces
-Rhonchial fremitus(palpable rhonchi): secretions in airways
Crepitus -bubbles of air under skin that can be palpated and indicates
subcutaneous emphysema
-hollow sound
Resonant percussion
-normal lungs
Flat percussion -heard over sternum, muscles, or areas of atelectasis
-heard over fluid-filled organs such as heart or liver (thudding)
Dull percussion
-pleural effusion or pneumonia
-heard over air-filled stomach.
Tympanic percussion
-drum-like sound and when heard over lung = increased volume
Hyperresonant -found where pneumothorax or emphysema is present.
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