FLETC WRITTEN EXAM #1
Graham v. Connor (1989) - Answers-Recognized that the right to make an arrest or
investigatory stop necessarily carries with it the right to use some degree of physical
coercion/threat to affect it.
In the course of an arrest or stop is properly analyzed by Fourth Amendment's 'objective
reasonableness' standard
Graham Factors - Answers-Severity of crime
Whether suspect poses an immediate threat
Whether suspect is actively resisting arrest
Attempting to evade arrest by flight
Common Restrictions in Agency Use of Force Policy - Answers-Use of warning shots
Use of maximum force
Moving vehicles
Exhausting lesser means of force first
Physiological Changes triggered when faced with a threat - Answers-Pounding heart
Muscle tension
Rapid, shallow breathing
Nausea
Dizziness
Dry mouth
Diminished sound
Tunnel vision
Slow motion time
Memory loss
Memory distortion
Tunnel Vision - Answers-Loss of peripheral vision
Heightened Visual Clarity - Answers-Clear picture of details you ordinarily might not
notice/remember
Hearing Distortions - Answers-Total loss of hearing, to muffled or distant
Time Distortion - Answers-Things seem to speed up or slow down
Cognitive/Behavioral Changes triggered when faced with a threat - Answers-Automatic
Behavior
Memory Gaps
Intrusive Thoughts
Methods of overcoming hesitation in use of force - Answers-Mental preparation
,Proper Training
Belief in mission
Personal Appearance
Physical Fitness
Understanding the law
Reality Based Training
Continuous Positive Visualization
Understanding of agency policy
Commitment to family/friends
Will to win
Fundamentals of Documenting Use of Force Incident - Answers-Officer Safety
Objective, not subjective
Training and Experience
Matched Description
Basis for Seizure
Terry Stop - Answers-Reasonable suspicion sufficient for investigation stop or detention;
no warrant needed
Two Main Parts of the Mind - Answers-The conscious and the subconscious
The Conscious Mind - Answers-Rational, analytical part of the mind. Home to will power
and short-term memory
The Subconscious Mind - Answers-The real boss, communicates through feelings and
emotions
Mistaken Assumptions of Perception - Answers-Everyone sees what really occurs
Everyone sees everything that occurs
Everyone processes information the same way
Everyone remembers exactly what occurred during an incident
Memories stay the same, maintain accuracy, and remain consistent over time
People can replay experiences with accuracy and detail
Arousal - Answers-Defined by physiology
Anxiety - Answers-Defined by terms of emotional or cognitive impact of arousal
Situational Awareness - Answers-A person's perception of the elements in the
environment within a volume of time and space, the comprehension of their meaning,
and the projection of their status in the near future
Effective Situational Awareness - Answers-Perception of changing elements during
dynamic events and correctly reacting in a timely manner
, Global Attention - Answers-Not focused on one specific thing
Selective Attention - Answers-Focus on one specific thing
Inattentional Blindness - Answers-Inattention to cues during dynamic events results in
failure to accurately interpret patterns and implications of the behavior leading to
ineffective decisions and poor performance
Scanning - Answers-When a subject is observed paying attention to the surrounding
area rather than the LEO
Target Glancing - Answers-Refers to the obvious preoccupation an offender will have
with a particular area of an officer's body or with any of the officer's weapons
Additional factors considered when applying standard of Graham v. Connor that may
govern the reasonableness of using force - Answers-# of suspects/# of officers
Size, age, condition of officer/suspect
Duration of action
Whether force applied resulted in injury
Previous violent history known to officer at time
Use of alcohol/drugs
Suspect's mental history known to officer at time
Presence of innocent bystanders
Availability of officer weapons
Range of Reasonableness - Answers-Officer responses range from:
Hesitation---------------Aggressive
Tennessee v. Garner (1985) - Answers-Supreme Court stated it is not reasonable to
shoot an unarmed non-dangerous fleeing suspect.
Key Elements of Tennessee v. Garner - Answers-Probable cause
Threat
Officer not obligated to wait until death or serious bodily harm is occurring
If based on totality of circumstance and the officer perceives a threat of such action, a
reasonable force option may be used
Pre-Assault Indicators - Answers-Verbal aggression
Change in posture
Face becomes red, showing teeth, breathing faster
Individual ignores you or stares through you
Aggression
Hands tighten
Individual becomes rigid
Chin tucked
Graham v. Connor (1989) - Answers-Recognized that the right to make an arrest or
investigatory stop necessarily carries with it the right to use some degree of physical
coercion/threat to affect it.
In the course of an arrest or stop is properly analyzed by Fourth Amendment's 'objective
reasonableness' standard
Graham Factors - Answers-Severity of crime
Whether suspect poses an immediate threat
Whether suspect is actively resisting arrest
Attempting to evade arrest by flight
Common Restrictions in Agency Use of Force Policy - Answers-Use of warning shots
Use of maximum force
Moving vehicles
Exhausting lesser means of force first
Physiological Changes triggered when faced with a threat - Answers-Pounding heart
Muscle tension
Rapid, shallow breathing
Nausea
Dizziness
Dry mouth
Diminished sound
Tunnel vision
Slow motion time
Memory loss
Memory distortion
Tunnel Vision - Answers-Loss of peripheral vision
Heightened Visual Clarity - Answers-Clear picture of details you ordinarily might not
notice/remember
Hearing Distortions - Answers-Total loss of hearing, to muffled or distant
Time Distortion - Answers-Things seem to speed up or slow down
Cognitive/Behavioral Changes triggered when faced with a threat - Answers-Automatic
Behavior
Memory Gaps
Intrusive Thoughts
Methods of overcoming hesitation in use of force - Answers-Mental preparation
,Proper Training
Belief in mission
Personal Appearance
Physical Fitness
Understanding the law
Reality Based Training
Continuous Positive Visualization
Understanding of agency policy
Commitment to family/friends
Will to win
Fundamentals of Documenting Use of Force Incident - Answers-Officer Safety
Objective, not subjective
Training and Experience
Matched Description
Basis for Seizure
Terry Stop - Answers-Reasonable suspicion sufficient for investigation stop or detention;
no warrant needed
Two Main Parts of the Mind - Answers-The conscious and the subconscious
The Conscious Mind - Answers-Rational, analytical part of the mind. Home to will power
and short-term memory
The Subconscious Mind - Answers-The real boss, communicates through feelings and
emotions
Mistaken Assumptions of Perception - Answers-Everyone sees what really occurs
Everyone sees everything that occurs
Everyone processes information the same way
Everyone remembers exactly what occurred during an incident
Memories stay the same, maintain accuracy, and remain consistent over time
People can replay experiences with accuracy and detail
Arousal - Answers-Defined by physiology
Anxiety - Answers-Defined by terms of emotional or cognitive impact of arousal
Situational Awareness - Answers-A person's perception of the elements in the
environment within a volume of time and space, the comprehension of their meaning,
and the projection of their status in the near future
Effective Situational Awareness - Answers-Perception of changing elements during
dynamic events and correctly reacting in a timely manner
, Global Attention - Answers-Not focused on one specific thing
Selective Attention - Answers-Focus on one specific thing
Inattentional Blindness - Answers-Inattention to cues during dynamic events results in
failure to accurately interpret patterns and implications of the behavior leading to
ineffective decisions and poor performance
Scanning - Answers-When a subject is observed paying attention to the surrounding
area rather than the LEO
Target Glancing - Answers-Refers to the obvious preoccupation an offender will have
with a particular area of an officer's body or with any of the officer's weapons
Additional factors considered when applying standard of Graham v. Connor that may
govern the reasonableness of using force - Answers-# of suspects/# of officers
Size, age, condition of officer/suspect
Duration of action
Whether force applied resulted in injury
Previous violent history known to officer at time
Use of alcohol/drugs
Suspect's mental history known to officer at time
Presence of innocent bystanders
Availability of officer weapons
Range of Reasonableness - Answers-Officer responses range from:
Hesitation---------------Aggressive
Tennessee v. Garner (1985) - Answers-Supreme Court stated it is not reasonable to
shoot an unarmed non-dangerous fleeing suspect.
Key Elements of Tennessee v. Garner - Answers-Probable cause
Threat
Officer not obligated to wait until death or serious bodily harm is occurring
If based on totality of circumstance and the officer perceives a threat of such action, a
reasonable force option may be used
Pre-Assault Indicators - Answers-Verbal aggression
Change in posture
Face becomes red, showing teeth, breathing faster
Individual ignores you or stares through you
Aggression
Hands tighten
Individual becomes rigid
Chin tucked
