AP Euro Reformation
simony - answer the selling of Church offices
pluralism - answer A theory of government that holds that open, multiple, and competing
groups can check the asserted power by any one group.
nepotism - answer favoritism shown to relatives or close friends by those in power (as
by giving them jobs)
absenteeism - answer an official not participation in benefices but receiving payment
and privileges. On of the corruptions in the Catholic Church
sale of indulgences - answer the issue that initiated the Protestant Reformation--paying
a fee to the Church so that a person could escape purgatory and go to heaven (began
in the Crusades) used to raise money for the Church
clerical ignorance - answer clergy was ignorant; many preached in Latin that they
couldn't read or understand
In Praise of Folly - answerwritten by Erasmus, criticized the problems of the Church
Martin Luther - answera German monk who became one of the most famous critics of
the Roman Catholic Chruch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief
attacking the church practices.
Johann Tetzel - answerThe leading seller of Indulgences. Infuriated Luther.
95 Thesis - answerwritten by Martin Luther in 1517, they are widely regarded as the
primary catalyst for the Protestant Reformation. Luther used these theses to display his
displeasure with some of the Church's clergy's abuses, most notably the sale of
indulgences; this ultimately gave birth to Protestantism.
Johann Eck - answerHe defeated Luther in the Leipzig Debate over indulgences in July
1519. He forced Luther to deny authority of popes and councils.
Priesthood of all believers - answerLuther said/realized that everyone should follow their
calling and find their own faith through scripture, which meant that no one could achieve
a higher level of spirituality because of a church position.
, Diet of Worms - answerAssembly of the estates of the empire, called by Holy Roman
Emperor Charles V in 1521. Luther was ordered to recant but he refused. Charles V
declared Luther an outlaw.
Confession of Augsburg - answerThe main writings of Lutheranism; written by Luters
friend, Philip Melanchthon
Philip Melanchthon - answerfriend of Martin Luther, he wrote the Confessions of
Augsburg, an attempt to unite Lutheran and Catholic princes that failed. The statements
made did become the traditional statement of the Lutheran Church.
Charles V - answerHoly Roman emperor (1519-1558) and king of Spain as Charles I
(1516-1556). He summoned the Diet of Worms (1521) and the Council of Trent (1545-
1563); supporter of Catholicism
Peasant's War - answerRebellion broke out against all authority in 1524-1525 in
Germany over class struggles and relgious revolts (such as controversy over what sin
was defined as). Luther did not approve of this, despite being blamed for it.
Twelve Articles - answer1525 - writen by representatives of the Swabian peasants in a
Greman city, expressed their grievances, summarized the agarian crisis of the early
16th century
Leage of Schmalkalden - answerAlliance formed by protestant princes to protect
themselves from Charles V (tried to catholize Germany).
Habsburg-Valois Wars - answerFrance vs. Habsburgs. France tried keeping GERMANY
DIVIDED. Led to slow unification of German states.
Peace of Augsburg - answer1555 agreement declaring that the religion of each German
state would be decided by its ruler
Anabaptists - answerA member of a radical movement of the 16th-century Reformation
that viewed baptism solely as an external witness to a believer's conscious profession of
faith, rejected infant baptism, and believed in the separation of church from state, in the
shunning of nonbelievers, and in simplicity of life.
John of Leyden - answerled a radical group of Anabaptists to take control of the
northwestern German city of Munster. He had 16 wives.
Tragedy at Munster - answerAnabaptist extremists took power over Münster;
Anabaptists in the city forced the Catholics and Lutherans to either convert or emigrate;
Münster was blockaded by besieging armies and under pressure transformed into an
Old Testament theocracy
simony - answer the selling of Church offices
pluralism - answer A theory of government that holds that open, multiple, and competing
groups can check the asserted power by any one group.
nepotism - answer favoritism shown to relatives or close friends by those in power (as
by giving them jobs)
absenteeism - answer an official not participation in benefices but receiving payment
and privileges. On of the corruptions in the Catholic Church
sale of indulgences - answer the issue that initiated the Protestant Reformation--paying
a fee to the Church so that a person could escape purgatory and go to heaven (began
in the Crusades) used to raise money for the Church
clerical ignorance - answer clergy was ignorant; many preached in Latin that they
couldn't read or understand
In Praise of Folly - answerwritten by Erasmus, criticized the problems of the Church
Martin Luther - answera German monk who became one of the most famous critics of
the Roman Catholic Chruch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief
attacking the church practices.
Johann Tetzel - answerThe leading seller of Indulgences. Infuriated Luther.
95 Thesis - answerwritten by Martin Luther in 1517, they are widely regarded as the
primary catalyst for the Protestant Reformation. Luther used these theses to display his
displeasure with some of the Church's clergy's abuses, most notably the sale of
indulgences; this ultimately gave birth to Protestantism.
Johann Eck - answerHe defeated Luther in the Leipzig Debate over indulgences in July
1519. He forced Luther to deny authority of popes and councils.
Priesthood of all believers - answerLuther said/realized that everyone should follow their
calling and find their own faith through scripture, which meant that no one could achieve
a higher level of spirituality because of a church position.
, Diet of Worms - answerAssembly of the estates of the empire, called by Holy Roman
Emperor Charles V in 1521. Luther was ordered to recant but he refused. Charles V
declared Luther an outlaw.
Confession of Augsburg - answerThe main writings of Lutheranism; written by Luters
friend, Philip Melanchthon
Philip Melanchthon - answerfriend of Martin Luther, he wrote the Confessions of
Augsburg, an attempt to unite Lutheran and Catholic princes that failed. The statements
made did become the traditional statement of the Lutheran Church.
Charles V - answerHoly Roman emperor (1519-1558) and king of Spain as Charles I
(1516-1556). He summoned the Diet of Worms (1521) and the Council of Trent (1545-
1563); supporter of Catholicism
Peasant's War - answerRebellion broke out against all authority in 1524-1525 in
Germany over class struggles and relgious revolts (such as controversy over what sin
was defined as). Luther did not approve of this, despite being blamed for it.
Twelve Articles - answer1525 - writen by representatives of the Swabian peasants in a
Greman city, expressed their grievances, summarized the agarian crisis of the early
16th century
Leage of Schmalkalden - answerAlliance formed by protestant princes to protect
themselves from Charles V (tried to catholize Germany).
Habsburg-Valois Wars - answerFrance vs. Habsburgs. France tried keeping GERMANY
DIVIDED. Led to slow unification of German states.
Peace of Augsburg - answer1555 agreement declaring that the religion of each German
state would be decided by its ruler
Anabaptists - answerA member of a radical movement of the 16th-century Reformation
that viewed baptism solely as an external witness to a believer's conscious profession of
faith, rejected infant baptism, and believed in the separation of church from state, in the
shunning of nonbelievers, and in simplicity of life.
John of Leyden - answerled a radical group of Anabaptists to take control of the
northwestern German city of Munster. He had 16 wives.
Tragedy at Munster - answerAnabaptist extremists took power over Münster;
Anabaptists in the city forced the Catholics and Lutherans to either convert or emigrate;
Münster was blockaded by besieging armies and under pressure transformed into an
Old Testament theocracy
