Midterm Exam: NR565/ NR 565 Advanced Phar 8 8 8 8 8 8
macology Care of the Fundamentals Exam | 8 8 8 8 8 8
Questions and Verified Answers (2023/ 2024 Update)- 8 8 8 8 8 8
Chamberlain 8
When is it used - ASCVD Risk Score - ANSWER-
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
In children a screening should be done between ages 9 and 11 and then ag
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ain at ages 19 and 21. For adults every 5 years after the age of 20. Some pe
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ople are at greater risk like those with diabetes and a risk score greater than
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
87.5% and should be screened more often
8 8 8 8 8 8
ezetimibe- when can it be used? - ANSWER- 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
pregnancy/breastfeeding can be use in monotherapy or as adjunct therapy 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
with a statin or a fibrate
8 8 8 8 8
What is ezetimibe? - ANSWER-Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor-
8 8 8 8 8 8
lowers cholesterol levels by decreasing the amount of cholesterol that is a
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
bsorbed from the small intestine, so that there is less intestinal cholesterol
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
delivered to the liver. Does not affect triglycerides
8 8 8 8 8 8 8
lifestyle changes for high cholesterol - ANSWER-
8 8 8 8 8 8
Lifestyle changes are non drug measures used to lower LDL. Four main is
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
sues are diet, exercise, weight control, and smoking cessation
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
If a patient wanted to minimize side effects, which drug classification is a
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
good choice? - ANSWER-Non-statins-
8 8 8
8fibrates, Ezetimibe, Bile acid sequestrants. Statins are generally well toler
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ated and side effects are uncommon. Some patients develop headache, flat
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ulence, constipation, or GI disturbances, but these effects are usually mild
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
and transient
8
, Midterm Exam: NR565/ NR 565 Advanced Phar 8 8 8 8 8 8
macology Care of the Fundamentals Exam | 8 8 8 8 8 8
Questions and Verified Answers (2023/ 2024 Update)- 8 8 8 8 8 8
Chamberlain 8
Therapeutic action of organic nitrates (nitroglycerin) - ANSWER-
8 8 8 8 8 8 8
direct relaxant effect on vascular smooth muscles, and the dilation of coro
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
nary vessels improves oxygen supply to the myocardium. The dilation of
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
peripheral veins, and in higher doses peripheral arteries, reduces preload a
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
nd afterload, and thereby lowers myocardial oxygen consumption.
8 8 8 8 8 8 8
promote vasodilation 8
Contraindications for ranolazine - ANSWER- 8 8 8 8
Agents that inhibit CYP3A4 can increase the levels of ranolazine and ther
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
eby increase the risk of torsades de pointes. These things include: grapefr
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
uit juice, HIV protease inhibitors, macrolide antibiotics, azole antifungal
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
drugs, and some CCB. Most CCB but not amlodipine can increase levels
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
of ranolazine. Drugs that prolong the QT interval can increase the risk of t
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
orsades de pointes. (quinidine, sotalol).
8 8 8 8
At what age can statins be prescribed? - ANSWER-
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
avoid statin use in children under the age of 10
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
CCB role with variant angina - ANSWER-
8 8 8 8 8 8
promote relaxation of coronary artery spasm, increasing cardiac oxygen s
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
upply
what medication can be added for patients with worsening symptoms of H
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
F? - ANSWER-aldosterone antagonist-
8 8 8
promotes myocardial remodeling and fibrosis, help with symptoms
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
, Midterm Exam: NR565/ NR 565 Advanced Phar 8 8 8 8 8 8
macology Care of the Fundamentals Exam | 8 8 8 8 8 8
Questions and Verified Answers (2023/ 2024 Update)- 8 8 8 8 8 8
Chamberlain 8
CCB stable angina - ANSWER-
8 8 8 8
promote relaxation of peripheral arterioles, decreasing afterload and reduc
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ing cardiac oxygen demand
8 8 8
A 41 year old patient comes into the clinic complaining of increased heart
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
rate after starting nitro patches for stable angina. What would an appropria
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
te response be?
8 8
1. lets lower the dose and frequency of use
8 8 8 8 8 8 8
2. I will prescribe a BB to help with this
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
3. Next time this happens, lie down and practice deep breathing, this will b
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ring your heart rate down - ANSWER-2-
8 8 8 8 8 8
I will prescribe a BB to help with this
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
What do CYP450 inhibitors and reducers do when not used correctly/wha
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
t would patient experience? - ANSWER-
8 8 8 8 8
increased side effects, adverse reactions and toxicity
8 8 8 8 8 8
A 55 year old male comes into the clinic with a gouty arthritis. He states th
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
at he has one flareup a year. Your response is:
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
1. I will prescribe you glucocorticoids to help with inflammation
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
2. Lets start you on prophylactic therapy colchicine.
8 8 8 8 8 8
3. It will be helpful to take an NSAID to start with to help relive some in
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
flammation. I'll prescribe naproxen. - ANSWER-3- in patients with
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
, Midterm Exam: NR565/ NR 565 Advanced Phar 8 8 8 8 8 8
macology Care of the Fundamentals Exam | 8 8 8 8 8 8
Questions and Verified Answers (2023/ 2024 Update)- 8 8 8 8 8 8
Chamberlain 8
infrequent flareups, being less than three per year, treatment of symptoms
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
is all thats needed. NSAIDS are the first line agent for relieving pain of an
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
acute gout attack. 8 8
A patient comes in stating that he tried NSAIDS to relieve a gouty attack b
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ut it hasnt helped. He asks, "what are my options?" He further states that h
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
e has attacks every few years but when he does NSAIDS do not help. Your
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
response is:
8 8
1. I can prescribe a glucocorticoid (prednisone) and that will bring down t
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
he inflammation and pain.
8 8 8
2. Have your tried increasing your dosage of NSAIDS and drink plenty o
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
f water?
8
3. Lets start by making some changes in your diet, can you tell me what y
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ou eat regularly? - ANSWER-1
8 8 8 8
3- can also be correct but BEST answer
8 8 8 8 8 8 8
Colchicine is considered for long term treatment if a person has how many
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
gouty attacks per year? - ANSWER-three or more
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
Colchicine should not be taken with what medications? - ANSWER-
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
statins, CYP3A4 inhibitors
8 8 8
adverse effects of colchicine - ANSWER- 8 8 8 8 8
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, myelosuppression, myopathy, rhabdomyolysi
8 8 8 8 8
s
macology Care of the Fundamentals Exam | 8 8 8 8 8 8
Questions and Verified Answers (2023/ 2024 Update)- 8 8 8 8 8 8
Chamberlain 8
When is it used - ASCVD Risk Score - ANSWER-
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
In children a screening should be done between ages 9 and 11 and then ag
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ain at ages 19 and 21. For adults every 5 years after the age of 20. Some pe
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ople are at greater risk like those with diabetes and a risk score greater than
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
87.5% and should be screened more often
8 8 8 8 8 8
ezetimibe- when can it be used? - ANSWER- 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
pregnancy/breastfeeding can be use in monotherapy or as adjunct therapy 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
with a statin or a fibrate
8 8 8 8 8
What is ezetimibe? - ANSWER-Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor-
8 8 8 8 8 8
lowers cholesterol levels by decreasing the amount of cholesterol that is a
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
bsorbed from the small intestine, so that there is less intestinal cholesterol
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
delivered to the liver. Does not affect triglycerides
8 8 8 8 8 8 8
lifestyle changes for high cholesterol - ANSWER-
8 8 8 8 8 8
Lifestyle changes are non drug measures used to lower LDL. Four main is
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
sues are diet, exercise, weight control, and smoking cessation
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
If a patient wanted to minimize side effects, which drug classification is a
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
good choice? - ANSWER-Non-statins-
8 8 8
8fibrates, Ezetimibe, Bile acid sequestrants. Statins are generally well toler
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ated and side effects are uncommon. Some patients develop headache, flat
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ulence, constipation, or GI disturbances, but these effects are usually mild
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
and transient
8
, Midterm Exam: NR565/ NR 565 Advanced Phar 8 8 8 8 8 8
macology Care of the Fundamentals Exam | 8 8 8 8 8 8
Questions and Verified Answers (2023/ 2024 Update)- 8 8 8 8 8 8
Chamberlain 8
Therapeutic action of organic nitrates (nitroglycerin) - ANSWER-
8 8 8 8 8 8 8
direct relaxant effect on vascular smooth muscles, and the dilation of coro
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
nary vessels improves oxygen supply to the myocardium. The dilation of
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
peripheral veins, and in higher doses peripheral arteries, reduces preload a
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
nd afterload, and thereby lowers myocardial oxygen consumption.
8 8 8 8 8 8 8
promote vasodilation 8
Contraindications for ranolazine - ANSWER- 8 8 8 8
Agents that inhibit CYP3A4 can increase the levels of ranolazine and ther
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
eby increase the risk of torsades de pointes. These things include: grapefr
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
uit juice, HIV protease inhibitors, macrolide antibiotics, azole antifungal
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
drugs, and some CCB. Most CCB but not amlodipine can increase levels
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
of ranolazine. Drugs that prolong the QT interval can increase the risk of t
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
orsades de pointes. (quinidine, sotalol).
8 8 8 8
At what age can statins be prescribed? - ANSWER-
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
avoid statin use in children under the age of 10
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
CCB role with variant angina - ANSWER-
8 8 8 8 8 8
promote relaxation of coronary artery spasm, increasing cardiac oxygen s
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
upply
what medication can be added for patients with worsening symptoms of H
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
F? - ANSWER-aldosterone antagonist-
8 8 8
promotes myocardial remodeling and fibrosis, help with symptoms
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
, Midterm Exam: NR565/ NR 565 Advanced Phar 8 8 8 8 8 8
macology Care of the Fundamentals Exam | 8 8 8 8 8 8
Questions and Verified Answers (2023/ 2024 Update)- 8 8 8 8 8 8
Chamberlain 8
CCB stable angina - ANSWER-
8 8 8 8
promote relaxation of peripheral arterioles, decreasing afterload and reduc
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ing cardiac oxygen demand
8 8 8
A 41 year old patient comes into the clinic complaining of increased heart
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
rate after starting nitro patches for stable angina. What would an appropria
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
te response be?
8 8
1. lets lower the dose and frequency of use
8 8 8 8 8 8 8
2. I will prescribe a BB to help with this
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
3. Next time this happens, lie down and practice deep breathing, this will b
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ring your heart rate down - ANSWER-2-
8 8 8 8 8 8
I will prescribe a BB to help with this
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
What do CYP450 inhibitors and reducers do when not used correctly/wha
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
t would patient experience? - ANSWER-
8 8 8 8 8
increased side effects, adverse reactions and toxicity
8 8 8 8 8 8
A 55 year old male comes into the clinic with a gouty arthritis. He states th
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
at he has one flareup a year. Your response is:
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
1. I will prescribe you glucocorticoids to help with inflammation
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
2. Lets start you on prophylactic therapy colchicine.
8 8 8 8 8 8
3. It will be helpful to take an NSAID to start with to help relive some in
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
flammation. I'll prescribe naproxen. - ANSWER-3- in patients with
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
, Midterm Exam: NR565/ NR 565 Advanced Phar 8 8 8 8 8 8
macology Care of the Fundamentals Exam | 8 8 8 8 8 8
Questions and Verified Answers (2023/ 2024 Update)- 8 8 8 8 8 8
Chamberlain 8
infrequent flareups, being less than three per year, treatment of symptoms
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
is all thats needed. NSAIDS are the first line agent for relieving pain of an
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
acute gout attack. 8 8
A patient comes in stating that he tried NSAIDS to relieve a gouty attack b
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ut it hasnt helped. He asks, "what are my options?" He further states that h
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
e has attacks every few years but when he does NSAIDS do not help. Your
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
response is:
8 8
1. I can prescribe a glucocorticoid (prednisone) and that will bring down t
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
he inflammation and pain.
8 8 8
2. Have your tried increasing your dosage of NSAIDS and drink plenty o
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
f water?
8
3. Lets start by making some changes in your diet, can you tell me what y
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
ou eat regularly? - ANSWER-1
8 8 8 8
3- can also be correct but BEST answer
8 8 8 8 8 8 8
Colchicine is considered for long term treatment if a person has how many
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
gouty attacks per year? - ANSWER-three or more
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
Colchicine should not be taken with what medications? - ANSWER-
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
statins, CYP3A4 inhibitors
8 8 8
adverse effects of colchicine - ANSWER- 8 8 8 8 8
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, myelosuppression, myopathy, rhabdomyolysi
8 8 8 8 8
s
