JRN 430 FINAL EXAM and answers
Information and News is a ___✔✔Commodity
Definition of Jurisdiction✔✔An area of authority or control; the right to administer
justice
Two areas of Jurisdiction✔✔Geographic and Subject Matter (Topical)
Definition of Geographical Jurisdiction✔✔The area encompassed by physical
boundaries prescribed by the state or local law
Definition of Subject Matter (Topical) Jurisdiction✔✔The different types of subject
matter each court deals with
Definition of Common Law✔✔A legal system based on custom and court rulings
Definition of Civil Law✔✔A law that governs relationships between individuals and
defines their legal rights
Major Difference between Common Law and Civil Law✔✔Common law establishes
legal concepts by judicial rulings and precedents, while civil law establishes legal
concepts by the codified statues
Definition of Rule of Law✔✔The framework of a society in which pre-established
norms and procedures provide for consistent, neutral decision making
4 Principles of the Rule of Law✔✔1. All individuals are private entities are
accountable under the law
2. The laws are clear, public, stable, and just; are applied evenly; and protect
fundamental rights
3. The process by which the laws are enacted, administered, and enforced is
accessible and fair
4. Justice is delivered in a timely manner by competent, ethical, independent, and
neutral representatives who serve the public good
Definition of Affirm✔✔To ratify, uphold or approve a lower court ruling
Definition of Overrule✔✔To reverse the ruling of a lower court ruling
Definition of Concurring Opinion✔✔A separate opinion of a minority of the court or a
single judge or justice agreeing with the majority opinion but applying different
reasoning or legal principles
Definition of Dissenting Opinion✔✔A separate opinion of a minority of the court or a
single judge or justice disagreeing with the result reached by the majority and
challenging the majority's reasoning or the legal basis of the decision
, Definition of Remand✔✔To send back to the lower court for further action
Definition of Judicial Review✔✔The power of the courts to declare laws
unconstitutional
Who uses the power of judicial review the most?✔✔US Supreme Court
Definition of an Originalist✔✔Supreme Court justices who interpret the Constitution
according to the perceived intent of its framers
Definition of a Textualist✔✔Supreme Court justices who rely exclusively on a careful
reading of legal texts to determine the meaning of the law
Six Sources of Law✔✔Constitutions, statues, equity law, common law,
administrative law, and executive orders
Definition of Doctrines✔✔Principles or theories of law
Definition of Tests✔✔A commonly applied method of evaluation used to resolve
matters
Definition of Plaintiff✔✔Person who is suing in a civil case
Definition of Respondent✔✔Person who is being sued in a civil case
Definition of Defendant✔✔Person being prosecuted in a criminal case
Definition of Tort✔✔A private or civil wrong for which a court can provide remedy in
the form of damages
Definition of Damages✔✔A sum of money paid in compensation for loss or injury in
a civil case
When was the First Amendment adopted?✔✔1791
What is the First Amendment?✔✔Freedom of speech, press, religion, and assembly
Is it easy for the Court to apply the First Amendment to the freedom of press?✔✔No,
especially in today's media, the First Amendment deals with a very different type of
press
Are First Amendment protections absolute?✔✔No, the courts tend to balance the
interests at stake
Definition of Content-Neutral Laws✔✔Laws that incidentally and unintentionally
affect speech as they advance other important government interests
Information and News is a ___✔✔Commodity
Definition of Jurisdiction✔✔An area of authority or control; the right to administer
justice
Two areas of Jurisdiction✔✔Geographic and Subject Matter (Topical)
Definition of Geographical Jurisdiction✔✔The area encompassed by physical
boundaries prescribed by the state or local law
Definition of Subject Matter (Topical) Jurisdiction✔✔The different types of subject
matter each court deals with
Definition of Common Law✔✔A legal system based on custom and court rulings
Definition of Civil Law✔✔A law that governs relationships between individuals and
defines their legal rights
Major Difference between Common Law and Civil Law✔✔Common law establishes
legal concepts by judicial rulings and precedents, while civil law establishes legal
concepts by the codified statues
Definition of Rule of Law✔✔The framework of a society in which pre-established
norms and procedures provide for consistent, neutral decision making
4 Principles of the Rule of Law✔✔1. All individuals are private entities are
accountable under the law
2. The laws are clear, public, stable, and just; are applied evenly; and protect
fundamental rights
3. The process by which the laws are enacted, administered, and enforced is
accessible and fair
4. Justice is delivered in a timely manner by competent, ethical, independent, and
neutral representatives who serve the public good
Definition of Affirm✔✔To ratify, uphold or approve a lower court ruling
Definition of Overrule✔✔To reverse the ruling of a lower court ruling
Definition of Concurring Opinion✔✔A separate opinion of a minority of the court or a
single judge or justice agreeing with the majority opinion but applying different
reasoning or legal principles
Definition of Dissenting Opinion✔✔A separate opinion of a minority of the court or a
single judge or justice disagreeing with the result reached by the majority and
challenging the majority's reasoning or the legal basis of the decision
, Definition of Remand✔✔To send back to the lower court for further action
Definition of Judicial Review✔✔The power of the courts to declare laws
unconstitutional
Who uses the power of judicial review the most?✔✔US Supreme Court
Definition of an Originalist✔✔Supreme Court justices who interpret the Constitution
according to the perceived intent of its framers
Definition of a Textualist✔✔Supreme Court justices who rely exclusively on a careful
reading of legal texts to determine the meaning of the law
Six Sources of Law✔✔Constitutions, statues, equity law, common law,
administrative law, and executive orders
Definition of Doctrines✔✔Principles or theories of law
Definition of Tests✔✔A commonly applied method of evaluation used to resolve
matters
Definition of Plaintiff✔✔Person who is suing in a civil case
Definition of Respondent✔✔Person who is being sued in a civil case
Definition of Defendant✔✔Person being prosecuted in a criminal case
Definition of Tort✔✔A private or civil wrong for which a court can provide remedy in
the form of damages
Definition of Damages✔✔A sum of money paid in compensation for loss or injury in
a civil case
When was the First Amendment adopted?✔✔1791
What is the First Amendment?✔✔Freedom of speech, press, religion, and assembly
Is it easy for the Court to apply the First Amendment to the freedom of press?✔✔No,
especially in today's media, the First Amendment deals with a very different type of
press
Are First Amendment protections absolute?✔✔No, the courts tend to balance the
interests at stake
Definition of Content-Neutral Laws✔✔Laws that incidentally and unintentionally
affect speech as they advance other important government interests
