PLSC 14H Exam 1 questions with
complete solutions
Human Nature Leads to Conflict - correct answer ✔✔a) human beings are good -- Marx
b) human beings are bad -- Hobbes
c) religion controls human behavior -- Spinoza
d) externalization -- Freud
e) humans want territory -- Lorenz
f) violence is learned -- Mead
Karl Marx - correct answer ✔✔humans want self-actualization through interactions with others, self-
actualization requires going through alienation, thus conflict ensues
believed socialism would fix this because everyone would be working with a purpose
Hobbes - correct answer ✔✔humans are greedy and want to fight all the time
Spinoza - correct answer ✔✔the relationship between rational (independently cooperate with others)
and passion (selfish and conflict) which is regulated by social institutions
believed that religion exploits passion while education exploits rational and cooperation
Sigmund Freud - correct answer ✔✔people take conflict with themselves (between id, superego, and
ego) and EXTERNALIZE it outwards on the world leading to conflict
humans regulate the relationship between Eros and Thantos and this occurs through violence
Eros - correct answer ✔✔life instinct --> drive in humans to be happy, active, etc
, Thantos - correct answer ✔✔death instinct --> realization of pain in life
Conrad Lorenz - correct answer ✔✔human beings act on the instincts of food, reproduction, and
territory
because territory is members of species must fight for territory, however animals have a submission
mechanism that humans lost which is why they have so much conflict
Margret Mead - correct answer ✔✔violence is a learned quality from specific cultures
Conflict is the Nature of International Systems - correct answer ✔✔a) Rousseau
b) realism
Rousseau - correct answer ✔✔believes that at the formation of society people realize they have
common interests and work towards community
once they begin working towards a community an opportunity for defection might pop-up, at this point
the person can self-satisfy or he realizes everyone else needs the good and he believes that the common
recognition of interests means the other actors are deflecting
realism - correct answer ✔✔1) the international system is one of anarchy; no one can overrule/regulate
actors --> systems are tools of the state
2) the primary actors are nation-states
3) all states are interested in self-preservation
4) states analyze power (military and industry), power is the currency of international relations
5) domestic politics do no effect international actions made by nation-states
prisoners dilemma - correct answer ✔✔a particular "game" between two captured prisoners that
illustrates why cooperation is difficult to maintain even when it is mutually beneficial
complete solutions
Human Nature Leads to Conflict - correct answer ✔✔a) human beings are good -- Marx
b) human beings are bad -- Hobbes
c) religion controls human behavior -- Spinoza
d) externalization -- Freud
e) humans want territory -- Lorenz
f) violence is learned -- Mead
Karl Marx - correct answer ✔✔humans want self-actualization through interactions with others, self-
actualization requires going through alienation, thus conflict ensues
believed socialism would fix this because everyone would be working with a purpose
Hobbes - correct answer ✔✔humans are greedy and want to fight all the time
Spinoza - correct answer ✔✔the relationship between rational (independently cooperate with others)
and passion (selfish and conflict) which is regulated by social institutions
believed that religion exploits passion while education exploits rational and cooperation
Sigmund Freud - correct answer ✔✔people take conflict with themselves (between id, superego, and
ego) and EXTERNALIZE it outwards on the world leading to conflict
humans regulate the relationship between Eros and Thantos and this occurs through violence
Eros - correct answer ✔✔life instinct --> drive in humans to be happy, active, etc
, Thantos - correct answer ✔✔death instinct --> realization of pain in life
Conrad Lorenz - correct answer ✔✔human beings act on the instincts of food, reproduction, and
territory
because territory is members of species must fight for territory, however animals have a submission
mechanism that humans lost which is why they have so much conflict
Margret Mead - correct answer ✔✔violence is a learned quality from specific cultures
Conflict is the Nature of International Systems - correct answer ✔✔a) Rousseau
b) realism
Rousseau - correct answer ✔✔believes that at the formation of society people realize they have
common interests and work towards community
once they begin working towards a community an opportunity for defection might pop-up, at this point
the person can self-satisfy or he realizes everyone else needs the good and he believes that the common
recognition of interests means the other actors are deflecting
realism - correct answer ✔✔1) the international system is one of anarchy; no one can overrule/regulate
actors --> systems are tools of the state
2) the primary actors are nation-states
3) all states are interested in self-preservation
4) states analyze power (military and industry), power is the currency of international relations
5) domestic politics do no effect international actions made by nation-states
prisoners dilemma - correct answer ✔✔a particular "game" between two captured prisoners that
illustrates why cooperation is difficult to maintain even when it is mutually beneficial
