10/16/24, 1:49 Gastritis - Lecture notes Lecture
PM notes
MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING: GASTROINTESTINAL 1.3.2 NURSE ANGIE 2018
Gastritis
Localized or patchy infl a
P a th o p h ysiolo gy A ss e ss m en t
Achlorhydria
Localized or patchy inflammation or erosion of the gastric
Hypochlorhydria
mucosa.May be acute (erosive or non erosive) or chronic, re
Hyperchlorhydria
atrophic, reflux, hemorrhagic, or infectious. Most common
stomach disorder (acute). ACUTE: The protective mucosal l Risks Grimacing
‣ Age older than 55 Restlessness
altered due to a causative agent or factor. Acid secretion pro
‣ Exposure to toxic substances Pallor
mucosal reddening, edema, and superficial surface erosion.
‣ Hemodynamic disorder Tachycardia
CHRONIC: Gastric mucosa progressively thins and degener
‣ Alcohol abuse Hypotension
‣ Ingestion of NSAIDs, Abdominal distention,
including aspirin tenderness, and guarding
Smoking Normoactive to
hyperactive bowel sounds
Possible positive fecal
occult blood test results
ed ica l Tr ea tm en t
Complications Elimination of cause
‣ Hemorrhage, anemia (such as treatment of
‣ Dehydration H. pylori with
‣ Obstruction antibiotic,
‣ Perforatio discontinuation of
n NSAIDs)
Peritonitis Stomach acid-
‣ Gastric cancer reducing medications
‣ Peptic ulcer Smoking cessation
Venous
‣ Atrophic gastritis thromboembolism
Lab s & D ia gn o stics (VTE) prophylaxis if
the patient is
‣
Occult blood found in vomitus or stools (or both) hospitalized
indicates bleeding. For massive bleeding:
‣
Hemoglobin (Hb) level and hematocrit may be Blood transfusion
decreased. Iced saline lavage
‣
Urea breath test or H. pylori stool antigen test Angiography with
indicates t presence of H. pylori . vasopressin
Histamine-2 (H2)
receptor antagonists,
CAUSES INTERVENTIO
such as cimetidine
EDUCATIO (Tagamet), ranitidine
‣ NS N
hydrochloride
(Zantac), famotidine
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) ‣
(Pepcid), and
Nothing by mouth if bleeding
infection ‣
Elimination of irritating nizatidine (Axid)
occurs
‣
Autoimmune response ‣ foods, such as caffeine
•
Antibiotics
Elimination of irritating foods,
Damage to the stomach and spicy foods •
Antacids, such as
lining such as caffeine and spicy foods, ‣
prescribed drug therapy aluminum and
‣
Crohn disease, sarcoidosis or of irritating drugs ‣
magnesium
‣
Avoidance of NSAIDS
‣
food allergies Reduce anxiety ‣ hydroxide
‣
Antacids 1 hour after
‣
infections with viruses, Maintain fluid balance •
Sucralfate (Carafate)
‣
meals
parasites, fungi, and bacteria Pain relief ‣ •
Omeprazole
‣
Avoid alcohol
Nutritional support (Prilosec)
‣
1
about:bl 1
PM notes
MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING: GASTROINTESTINAL 1.3.2 NURSE ANGIE 2018
Gastritis
Localized or patchy infl a
P a th o p h ysiolo gy A ss e ss m en t
Achlorhydria
Localized or patchy inflammation or erosion of the gastric
Hypochlorhydria
mucosa.May be acute (erosive or non erosive) or chronic, re
Hyperchlorhydria
atrophic, reflux, hemorrhagic, or infectious. Most common
stomach disorder (acute). ACUTE: The protective mucosal l Risks Grimacing
‣ Age older than 55 Restlessness
altered due to a causative agent or factor. Acid secretion pro
‣ Exposure to toxic substances Pallor
mucosal reddening, edema, and superficial surface erosion.
‣ Hemodynamic disorder Tachycardia
CHRONIC: Gastric mucosa progressively thins and degener
‣ Alcohol abuse Hypotension
‣ Ingestion of NSAIDs, Abdominal distention,
including aspirin tenderness, and guarding
Smoking Normoactive to
hyperactive bowel sounds
Possible positive fecal
occult blood test results
ed ica l Tr ea tm en t
Complications Elimination of cause
‣ Hemorrhage, anemia (such as treatment of
‣ Dehydration H. pylori with
‣ Obstruction antibiotic,
‣ Perforatio discontinuation of
n NSAIDs)
Peritonitis Stomach acid-
‣ Gastric cancer reducing medications
‣ Peptic ulcer Smoking cessation
Venous
‣ Atrophic gastritis thromboembolism
Lab s & D ia gn o stics (VTE) prophylaxis if
the patient is
‣
Occult blood found in vomitus or stools (or both) hospitalized
indicates bleeding. For massive bleeding:
‣
Hemoglobin (Hb) level and hematocrit may be Blood transfusion
decreased. Iced saline lavage
‣
Urea breath test or H. pylori stool antigen test Angiography with
indicates t presence of H. pylori . vasopressin
Histamine-2 (H2)
receptor antagonists,
CAUSES INTERVENTIO
such as cimetidine
EDUCATIO (Tagamet), ranitidine
‣ NS N
hydrochloride
(Zantac), famotidine
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) ‣
(Pepcid), and
Nothing by mouth if bleeding
infection ‣
Elimination of irritating nizatidine (Axid)
occurs
‣
Autoimmune response ‣ foods, such as caffeine
•
Antibiotics
Elimination of irritating foods,
Damage to the stomach and spicy foods •
Antacids, such as
lining such as caffeine and spicy foods, ‣
prescribed drug therapy aluminum and
‣
Crohn disease, sarcoidosis or of irritating drugs ‣
magnesium
‣
Avoidance of NSAIDS
‣
food allergies Reduce anxiety ‣ hydroxide
‣
Antacids 1 hour after
‣
infections with viruses, Maintain fluid balance •
Sucralfate (Carafate)
‣
meals
parasites, fungi, and bacteria Pain relief ‣ •
Omeprazole
‣
Avoid alcohol
Nutritional support (Prilosec)
‣
1
about:bl 1
