Test Bank for Introduction to Theories of Learning 10th Edition By Olson & Ramirez, ISBN: 9780367857912, All 16 Chapters Covered, Verified Latest Edition

Test Bank for An Introduction to Theories of
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6



Learning, 10e Matthew Olson (All
6 6 6 6 6




C 6 ha 6 pters) 6




6




CHAPTER616(*6-6Correct6Answer)

1. Most6psychologists6reject6dictionary6definitions6of6learning6because:
a. the6definitions6are6too6objective
b. the6definitions6tend6to6be6behavioristic
c. *6the6definitions6are6nebulous
d. learning6is6not6definable

2. The6Skinnerians6oppose6equating6the6terms6"reward"6and6"reinforcement"6because:
a. *6reinforcers6strengthen6behavior6whereas6rewards6do6not
b. organisms6must6invest6considerable6time6and6energy6to6obtain6reinforcers6but6not6
to6obtain6rewards
c. only6reinforcers6are6given6or6received6in6recognition6of6worthy6behavior
d. rewards6strengthen6behavior6whereas6reinforcers6do6not

3. To6attribute6a6behavioral6change6to6learning,6the6change6must6be6all6of6the6following6
except:
a. relatively6permanent
b. the6result6of6experience
c. observed6in6performance
d. *6the6result6of6maturation

4. We6can6make6inferences6concerning6the6learning6process6by6studying:
a. *6changes6in6behavior
b. the6mind
c. acquired6knowledge
d. motivational6states

,5. According6to6most6learning6theorists6the6learning6process:
a. cannot6be6studied6objectively
b. cannot6be6studied6at6all
c. *6can6be6studied6only6indirectly6through6changes6in6behavior
d. can6be6studied6directly

6. For6most6learning6theorists,6learning6is6thought6of6as6a(n):
a. independent6variable
b. dependent6variable
c. *6intervening6variable
d. extraneous6variable

7. Short6term6memory6refers6to:
a. learning6that6occurs6very6rapidly

, b. information6that6is6learned6in6a6short6time6but6is6lost6over6a6long6period6of6time
c. remembering6how6to6do6something6you6have6not6done6for6awhile
d. *6remembering6an6experience6for6only6a6short6time6after6termination6of6the6
experience

8. Sensitization6is:
a. the6development6of6an6awareness6of6the6needs6of6other6people
b. *6the6tendency6to6be6more6responsive6to6the6environment6following6an6arousing6
experience
c. the6gradual6formation6of6a6strong6habit
d. the6tendency6to6be6less6responsive6to6a6stimulus6after6prolonged6exposure6to6that6
stimulus

9. After6entering6a6room6and6being6distracted6by6the6smell6of6a6strong6perfume,6a6person6
eventually6no6longer6notices6it.66This6is6an6example6of:
a. *6habituation
b. sensitization
c. selective6perception
d. avoidance6conditioning

10. The6following6diagram6exemplifies6which6of6the6following?
A. Stimulus1---------------- >6No6Response
B. An6arousing6experience
C. Stimulus1 --------------- >6Response
a. habituation
b. *6sensitization
c. selective6perception
d. conditioning

11. Performance:
a. is6the6same6as6learning
b. *6is6the6translation6of6learning6into6behavior
c. is6independent6of6learning
d. can6be6either6mental6or6behavioral

12. An6unlearned6response6to6a6specific6stimulus6exemplifies6a(n):
a. conditioned6reflex
b. sensitization
c. *6reflex
d. instinct

13. Which6of6the6following6terms6is6currently6being6used6instead6of6the6term6instinct?
a. *6species-specific6behavior
b. self-motivated6behavior
c. imprinting
d. unlearned6behavior

, 14. The6rapid6formation6of6an6attachment6between6an6organism6and6an6environmental6object6
that6occurs6during6a6critical6period6is6called:
a. conditioning
b. *6imprinting
c. learning
d. modeling

15. Cuckoo6birds6lay6their6eggs6in6the6nest6of6other6birds.6This6is6an6example6of:
a. learning
b. performance
c. *6species-specific6behavior
d. imprinting

16. An6experimental6arrangement6whereby6an6organism6can6avoid6experiencing6an6aversive6
stimulus6by6engaging6in6appropriate6behavior6is6called:
a. classical6conditioning
b. escape6conditioning
c. *6avoidance6conditioning
d. sign6learning

17. In6general,6it6is6through that6we6learn6how6to6acquire6desirable6objects:
a. escape6conditioning
b. *6instrumental6conditioning
c. classical6conditioning
d. more6than6one6of6the6above

18. The6trend6among6learning6theorists6has6been6to6accept6a6definition6of6learning6that:
a. *6refers6to6changes6in6observable6behavior6or6in6behavior6potentiality
b. contains6subjective6terms
c. refers6to6physiological6changes
d. is6similar6to6those6found6in6dictionaries

19. Learning6has6been6demonstrated6when6a6behavior6change6is:
a. transitory
b. fixed
c. *6relatively6permanent
d. translated6into6thinking

20. You6have6an6ability6to6perform6an6act6(such6as6skiing)6although6the6act6is6not6being6
performed6at6the6present6time.6 This6latent6ability6is6defined6as:
a. *6behavior6potential
b. instinct
c. covert6behavior
d. unlearned6behavior