Renal Pathoma- Questions and Answers
Polycystic kidney disease - associated with what aneurysms? What cysts? What valve
prolapse? Correct Ans-Berry aneurysms
Hepatic cysts
Mitral valve prolapse
Medullary cystic kidney disease - what inheritance? Defect leading to cysts in what ducts?
Parenchymal fibrosis results in what sized kidneys? What organ failure Correct Ans-
Autosomal dominant
Cysts in the medullary collecting ducts
Shrunken kidneys and worsening renal failure
Acute renal failure - what happens to renal function? Correct Ans-Acute, severe decrease
in renal function (develops within days)
Acute renal failure - azotemia (increase in what 2 things?) Often with what amounts of urine?
Correct Ans-Increase in BUN and creatinine with oliguria
Prerenal azotemia - due to what blood flow to the kidneys? Like what condition? Correct
Ans-Decreased blood flow to the kidney (cardiac failure)
What is the most common cause of ARF? Correct Ans-Prerenal azotemia
, Renal Pathoma- Questions and Answers
Prerenal azotemia - decreased blood flow leads to what GFR? What 2 other conditions?
Correct Ans-Decreased GFR
Azotemia
Oliguria
Prerenal azotemia - reabsorption of fluid and BUN ensues (serum BUN:Cr ratio is more than
what?) What is tubular function?
What is the fractional excretion of sodium?
What is urine osmolality? Correct Ans-Serum BUN: Cr is more than 15
Tubular function remains intact
Fractional excretion of sodium (FEna is less than 1)
Urine osmolality is more than 500
Postrenal azotemia due to obstruction of urinary tract downstream from kidney like what
structure? Correct Ans-Ureters
Postrenal azotemia results in decreased outflow which results in what GFR? What 2 other
conditions? Correct Ans-GFR goes down
Azotemia
Oliguria
During early stages of obstruction in postrenal azotemia, increased tubular pressure forces
what into blood?
, Renal Pathoma- Questions and Answers
Serum BUN: Cr ratio is more than what?
Is tubular function intact?
What is FeNa?
Urine osm is more than what? Correct Ans-BUN into blood
Serum BUN: Cr ratio is more than 15
Tubular function is intact
FENa is less than 1
Urine osm is more than 500
Horseshoe kidney - conjoined kidney connected at what pole? Correct Ans-Lower pole
What is the most common congenital renal anomaly? Correct Ans-Horseshoe kidney
Horseshoe kidney - kidney is located where? Correct Ans-Lower abdomen
Horseshoe kidney gets caught on what artery root during its ascent from the pelvis to the
abdomen? Correct Ans-IMA
Renal agenesis - what kidney formation? May be what 2 lateral? Correct Ans-Absent
kidney formation
Unilateral or bilateral
, Renal Pathoma- Questions and Answers
Unilateral renal agenesis leads to what happening to the existing kidney? Hyperfiltration leads
to what failure later in life? Correct Ans-Hypertrophy of the existing kidney
Hyperfiltration leads to renal failure later in life
Bilateral renal agenesis leads to what condition? Correct Ans-Oligohydraminos with
pulmonary hypoplasia
Flat face with low set ears, and development defects of the extremities, incompatible with life
Correct Ans-Potter Sequence
Dysplastic kidney - noninherited, congenital malformation of renal parenchyma characterized
by what 2 things? Correct Ans-Cysts and connective tissue
Dysplastic kidney usually what? When bilateral must be distinguished from what? Correct
Ans-Usually unilateral
When bilateral must be distinguished from inherited polycystic kidney disease
Polycystic kidney disease - inherited defect leading to bilateral enlarged kidneys with cysts in
what 2 locations? Correct Ans-Renal medulla and cortex
Polycystic kidney disease - what inheritance present in in infants with worsening renal failure?
What BP? Correct Ans-Autosomal recessive
Hypertension
Polycystic kidney disease - associated with what aneurysms? What cysts? What valve
prolapse? Correct Ans-Berry aneurysms
Hepatic cysts
Mitral valve prolapse
Medullary cystic kidney disease - what inheritance? Defect leading to cysts in what ducts?
Parenchymal fibrosis results in what sized kidneys? What organ failure Correct Ans-
Autosomal dominant
Cysts in the medullary collecting ducts
Shrunken kidneys and worsening renal failure
Acute renal failure - what happens to renal function? Correct Ans-Acute, severe decrease
in renal function (develops within days)
Acute renal failure - azotemia (increase in what 2 things?) Often with what amounts of urine?
Correct Ans-Increase in BUN and creatinine with oliguria
Prerenal azotemia - due to what blood flow to the kidneys? Like what condition? Correct
Ans-Decreased blood flow to the kidney (cardiac failure)
What is the most common cause of ARF? Correct Ans-Prerenal azotemia
, Renal Pathoma- Questions and Answers
Prerenal azotemia - decreased blood flow leads to what GFR? What 2 other conditions?
Correct Ans-Decreased GFR
Azotemia
Oliguria
Prerenal azotemia - reabsorption of fluid and BUN ensues (serum BUN:Cr ratio is more than
what?) What is tubular function?
What is the fractional excretion of sodium?
What is urine osmolality? Correct Ans-Serum BUN: Cr is more than 15
Tubular function remains intact
Fractional excretion of sodium (FEna is less than 1)
Urine osmolality is more than 500
Postrenal azotemia due to obstruction of urinary tract downstream from kidney like what
structure? Correct Ans-Ureters
Postrenal azotemia results in decreased outflow which results in what GFR? What 2 other
conditions? Correct Ans-GFR goes down
Azotemia
Oliguria
During early stages of obstruction in postrenal azotemia, increased tubular pressure forces
what into blood?
, Renal Pathoma- Questions and Answers
Serum BUN: Cr ratio is more than what?
Is tubular function intact?
What is FeNa?
Urine osm is more than what? Correct Ans-BUN into blood
Serum BUN: Cr ratio is more than 15
Tubular function is intact
FENa is less than 1
Urine osm is more than 500
Horseshoe kidney - conjoined kidney connected at what pole? Correct Ans-Lower pole
What is the most common congenital renal anomaly? Correct Ans-Horseshoe kidney
Horseshoe kidney - kidney is located where? Correct Ans-Lower abdomen
Horseshoe kidney gets caught on what artery root during its ascent from the pelvis to the
abdomen? Correct Ans-IMA
Renal agenesis - what kidney formation? May be what 2 lateral? Correct Ans-Absent
kidney formation
Unilateral or bilateral
, Renal Pathoma- Questions and Answers
Unilateral renal agenesis leads to what happening to the existing kidney? Hyperfiltration leads
to what failure later in life? Correct Ans-Hypertrophy of the existing kidney
Hyperfiltration leads to renal failure later in life
Bilateral renal agenesis leads to what condition? Correct Ans-Oligohydraminos with
pulmonary hypoplasia
Flat face with low set ears, and development defects of the extremities, incompatible with life
Correct Ans-Potter Sequence
Dysplastic kidney - noninherited, congenital malformation of renal parenchyma characterized
by what 2 things? Correct Ans-Cysts and connective tissue
Dysplastic kidney usually what? When bilateral must be distinguished from what? Correct
Ans-Usually unilateral
When bilateral must be distinguished from inherited polycystic kidney disease
Polycystic kidney disease - inherited defect leading to bilateral enlarged kidneys with cysts in
what 2 locations? Correct Ans-Renal medulla and cortex
Polycystic kidney disease - what inheritance present in in infants with worsening renal failure?
What BP? Correct Ans-Autosomal recessive
Hypertension
