10/14/24, 10:19 EMT Final Exam (Final
AM Copy)
JSO EMT FINAL Combined
1. Discuss the roles and responsibilities of the EMT-Basic towards the safety of the
crew, the patient and bystanders.
• Keep vehicles and equipment ready for an emergency.
• Ensure the safety of yourself, your partner, the patient, and bystanders.
• Operate the emergency vehicle.
• Be an on-scene leader.
• Call for additional resources as needed.
• Gain patient access.
• Perform a patient assessment.
• Give emergency medical care to the patient while awaiting the arrival
of additional medical resources.
• Give emotional support to the patient, the patient’s family, and other responders.
• Maintain continuity of care by working with other medical professionals.
• Resolve emergency incidents.
• Uphold medical and legal standards.
• Ensure and protect patient privacy.
• Give administrative support.
• Constantly continue your professional development.
• Cultivate and sustain community relations.
• Give back to the profession.
2. Define the EMT-Basic scope of practice.
• An EMT can provide all the skills listed in the EMR level along with skills
learned as an EMT through proper training. EMTs are not trained to provide
definitive medical care, but instead focus on rapid in-field treatment and
transport to higher medical providers. EMTs work in conjunction with other
medical
providers such as paramedics, nurses, and physicians, as well as with other EMTs.
When operating in the prehospital environment, their actions are governed by
protocols and procedures set by their system's physician medical director.
3. Discuss the importance of Do Not Resuscitate [DNR advance directives) and local or
state provisions regarding EMS application.
• Without valid written documentation from a physician, such as an advance
directive or a Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order, you may be placed in a difficult
position. A competent patient is able to make rational decisions about his or her
well-being. An advance directive is often referred to as a living will but may also
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,10/14/24, 10:19 EMT Final Exam (Final
AM Copy)
be referred to as a health care directive. Not all advance directives are
directions to withhold care. DNR orders give you permission not to attempt
resuscitation. Laws differ from state to state, so be familiar with your state’s
requirements to determine whether the DNR order will be honored; however,
must have the following:
1. Clear statement of the patient’s medical problem (s)
2. Signature of the patient or legal guardian
3. Signature of one or more physicians or other licensed health care provides
4. In some states, DNR orders contain an expiration date. DNR orders with
expiration dates must be dated in the preceding 12 months to be valid.
4. Identify normal and abnormal pupil size.
• The normal pupil size in adults varies from 2 to 4 mm in diameter in bright light
to 4 to 8 mm in the dark. The pupils are generally equal in size. They constrict
to direct illumination (direct response) and to illumination of the opposite eye
(consensual response). The pupil dilates in the dark. Both pupils constrict when
the eye is focused on a near object (accommodative response). The pupil
is abnormal if it fails to dilate to the dark or fails to constrict to light or
accommodation.
• A small number if patients exhibit normally unequal pupils (anisocoria). If the
patient of family member cannot confirm the presence of these conditions, you
should presume that abnormal pupillary response indicates altered brain
function as a result of CNS depression or injury.
• The mnemonic PERRL useful guide in assessing the pupils—pupils, equal,
round, and reactive to light and accommodation—is a convenient but incomplete
description of pupillomotor function. It specifically omits important clinical data
such as the actual size and shape of each pupil, the speed and extent of
pupillary constriction, and the results of determining an afferent pupillary
defect.
5. Differentiate between a sign and a symptom.
6. Recognize and respond to the feelings patients experience during assessment.
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, 10/14/24, 10:19 EMT Final Exam (Final
AM Copy)
7. Explain the importance of obtaining a SAMPLE history.
8. Describe the methods to obtain a pulse rate.
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AM Copy)
JSO EMT FINAL Combined
1. Discuss the roles and responsibilities of the EMT-Basic towards the safety of the
crew, the patient and bystanders.
• Keep vehicles and equipment ready for an emergency.
• Ensure the safety of yourself, your partner, the patient, and bystanders.
• Operate the emergency vehicle.
• Be an on-scene leader.
• Call for additional resources as needed.
• Gain patient access.
• Perform a patient assessment.
• Give emergency medical care to the patient while awaiting the arrival
of additional medical resources.
• Give emotional support to the patient, the patient’s family, and other responders.
• Maintain continuity of care by working with other medical professionals.
• Resolve emergency incidents.
• Uphold medical and legal standards.
• Ensure and protect patient privacy.
• Give administrative support.
• Constantly continue your professional development.
• Cultivate and sustain community relations.
• Give back to the profession.
2. Define the EMT-Basic scope of practice.
• An EMT can provide all the skills listed in the EMR level along with skills
learned as an EMT through proper training. EMTs are not trained to provide
definitive medical care, but instead focus on rapid in-field treatment and
transport to higher medical providers. EMTs work in conjunction with other
medical
providers such as paramedics, nurses, and physicians, as well as with other EMTs.
When operating in the prehospital environment, their actions are governed by
protocols and procedures set by their system's physician medical director.
3. Discuss the importance of Do Not Resuscitate [DNR advance directives) and local or
state provisions regarding EMS application.
• Without valid written documentation from a physician, such as an advance
directive or a Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order, you may be placed in a difficult
position. A competent patient is able to make rational decisions about his or her
well-being. An advance directive is often referred to as a living will but may also
Page 1 of 19
about:bl 1/
,10/14/24, 10:19 EMT Final Exam (Final
AM Copy)
be referred to as a health care directive. Not all advance directives are
directions to withhold care. DNR orders give you permission not to attempt
resuscitation. Laws differ from state to state, so be familiar with your state’s
requirements to determine whether the DNR order will be honored; however,
must have the following:
1. Clear statement of the patient’s medical problem (s)
2. Signature of the patient or legal guardian
3. Signature of one or more physicians or other licensed health care provides
4. In some states, DNR orders contain an expiration date. DNR orders with
expiration dates must be dated in the preceding 12 months to be valid.
4. Identify normal and abnormal pupil size.
• The normal pupil size in adults varies from 2 to 4 mm in diameter in bright light
to 4 to 8 mm in the dark. The pupils are generally equal in size. They constrict
to direct illumination (direct response) and to illumination of the opposite eye
(consensual response). The pupil dilates in the dark. Both pupils constrict when
the eye is focused on a near object (accommodative response). The pupil
is abnormal if it fails to dilate to the dark or fails to constrict to light or
accommodation.
• A small number if patients exhibit normally unequal pupils (anisocoria). If the
patient of family member cannot confirm the presence of these conditions, you
should presume that abnormal pupillary response indicates altered brain
function as a result of CNS depression or injury.
• The mnemonic PERRL useful guide in assessing the pupils—pupils, equal,
round, and reactive to light and accommodation—is a convenient but incomplete
description of pupillomotor function. It specifically omits important clinical data
such as the actual size and shape of each pupil, the speed and extent of
pupillary constriction, and the results of determining an afferent pupillary
defect.
5. Differentiate between a sign and a symptom.
6. Recognize and respond to the feelings patients experience during assessment.
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, 10/14/24, 10:19 EMT Final Exam (Final
AM Copy)
7. Explain the importance of obtaining a SAMPLE history.
8. Describe the methods to obtain a pulse rate.
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