Brooks Biodiversity Unit 2 Exam ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
The Primary role of Fungi - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Decomposers- they break things
down
Modes of Nutrition in Fungi - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Heterotrophs with extracellular
digestion
Exoenzymes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Fungi Release these enzymes outside of the cell
wall. Break down complex molecules into smaller organic molecules which can be absorbed.
Extracellular Digestion - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- The release of exoenzymes out side of
the cell wall, followed by the absorption of nutrients..
Saprobes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Fungi that feed on non-living/dead organisms
Symbionts - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Fungus that lives with another living organism
(form a symbiotic relationship)
Mutualism in Fungi - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- both organisms benefit, neither is harmed.
Ex: Lichens - fungi and algae (cyanobacteria)
Ex: Mycorrhizae - fungi and plant roots
Commensalism - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- One organism benefits, the other is unharmed
Parasitism - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- One organism benefits, the other is harmed
Examples of Parasitism in Fungi - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Ex: Fungus as a human
parasite (Athelete's Foot)
Ex: Fungus as a plant parasite
1. black stem rust on wheat
,2. ergots on rye
3. strawberries with botrytis mold
4. pink ear rot of corn
Black Stem Rust - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Parasitic relationship with fungus and plant.
Occurs on wheat
Ergots - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Parasitic relationship with fungus and plant that occurs
on rye and gives hallucinogenic sensations
Botrytis Mold - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Parasitic relationship with fungus and plants that
occurs on strawberries
Fungi Characteristics - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- 1. Heterotrophic
2. Extracellular Digestion
3. Chitin-Based Cell wall
4. Most fungi are made up of filaments called Hyphae
Hyphae - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- filaments (long and branching) that make up the
structure of a fungus
In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth
Hyphae are Septate or Coenocytic
Yeast - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Yeast is a unicellular fungi and do not have/grow hyphae
MOST FUNGI ARE MULTICELLULAR, BUT YEAST IS UNICELLULAR
Septate - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- You can see the cell separation because the nuclei are
confined in and separated by cell walls
Think "separate"
Coenocytic - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- You cant see the cell separation. It is multinucleated
meaning that there are multiple nuclei not separated by a cell wall
, Thallus/Mycelium - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- collectively refers to a bunch of hyphae that
together make up the body of the fungus
Hyphae (smallest unit) make up the mycelium (entire fungus body)
Haustoria - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- The hyphal tip of a parasitic fungus that penetrates
the cell of other organisms (the host)
After penetration these specialized hyphae release enzymes that break down the cell wall,
thus allowing greater potential movement of organic carbon from host to fungus.
What is Fungi Most closely related to? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Fungi have cell walls
and fruiting bodies, so were originally thought to be plants. However, they are most closely
related to animals
Fungi Nuclei - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Most fungi cells have 2 nuclei
Mitosis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Has NO prerequisite for cell division, all it needs is a
nucleus. What you start with is what you end with (identical nuclei and identical DNA)
Meiosis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Cell must be a diploid (2n) Process of nuclear division
which the ploidy of the parent cell is halved
3 Types of Meiosis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Zygotic - Phylum Zygomycota
Gametic - Usually in animals
Sporic - Usually in plants
Ploidy - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Number of sets of chromosomes present in a nucleus
Haploid - 1 set
Diploid - 2 sets
(Humans have 23 different kinds of chromosomes in each cell and 46 chromosomes in total)
Syngamy - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- synthesis of the games
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
The Primary role of Fungi - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Decomposers- they break things
down
Modes of Nutrition in Fungi - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Heterotrophs with extracellular
digestion
Exoenzymes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Fungi Release these enzymes outside of the cell
wall. Break down complex molecules into smaller organic molecules which can be absorbed.
Extracellular Digestion - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- The release of exoenzymes out side of
the cell wall, followed by the absorption of nutrients..
Saprobes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Fungi that feed on non-living/dead organisms
Symbionts - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Fungus that lives with another living organism
(form a symbiotic relationship)
Mutualism in Fungi - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- both organisms benefit, neither is harmed.
Ex: Lichens - fungi and algae (cyanobacteria)
Ex: Mycorrhizae - fungi and plant roots
Commensalism - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- One organism benefits, the other is unharmed
Parasitism - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- One organism benefits, the other is harmed
Examples of Parasitism in Fungi - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Ex: Fungus as a human
parasite (Athelete's Foot)
Ex: Fungus as a plant parasite
1. black stem rust on wheat
,2. ergots on rye
3. strawberries with botrytis mold
4. pink ear rot of corn
Black Stem Rust - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Parasitic relationship with fungus and plant.
Occurs on wheat
Ergots - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Parasitic relationship with fungus and plant that occurs
on rye and gives hallucinogenic sensations
Botrytis Mold - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Parasitic relationship with fungus and plants that
occurs on strawberries
Fungi Characteristics - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- 1. Heterotrophic
2. Extracellular Digestion
3. Chitin-Based Cell wall
4. Most fungi are made up of filaments called Hyphae
Hyphae - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- filaments (long and branching) that make up the
structure of a fungus
In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth
Hyphae are Septate or Coenocytic
Yeast - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Yeast is a unicellular fungi and do not have/grow hyphae
MOST FUNGI ARE MULTICELLULAR, BUT YEAST IS UNICELLULAR
Septate - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- You can see the cell separation because the nuclei are
confined in and separated by cell walls
Think "separate"
Coenocytic - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- You cant see the cell separation. It is multinucleated
meaning that there are multiple nuclei not separated by a cell wall
, Thallus/Mycelium - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- collectively refers to a bunch of hyphae that
together make up the body of the fungus
Hyphae (smallest unit) make up the mycelium (entire fungus body)
Haustoria - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- The hyphal tip of a parasitic fungus that penetrates
the cell of other organisms (the host)
After penetration these specialized hyphae release enzymes that break down the cell wall,
thus allowing greater potential movement of organic carbon from host to fungus.
What is Fungi Most closely related to? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Fungi have cell walls
and fruiting bodies, so were originally thought to be plants. However, they are most closely
related to animals
Fungi Nuclei - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Most fungi cells have 2 nuclei
Mitosis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Has NO prerequisite for cell division, all it needs is a
nucleus. What you start with is what you end with (identical nuclei and identical DNA)
Meiosis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Cell must be a diploid (2n) Process of nuclear division
which the ploidy of the parent cell is halved
3 Types of Meiosis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Zygotic - Phylum Zygomycota
Gametic - Usually in animals
Sporic - Usually in plants
Ploidy - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Number of sets of chromosomes present in a nucleus
Haploid - 1 set
Diploid - 2 sets
(Humans have 23 different kinds of chromosomes in each cell and 46 chromosomes in total)
Syngamy - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- synthesis of the games
