1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
WGU D027 pathopharm Questions
and Answers (100% Pass)
Mechanism of Action for loop diuretics
✓ block water reasborption in the loop of Henle of nephron. Increases
urine output
Suffix for loop
✓ -emide
ex: furosemide
cautions in using loop diuretics
✓ decreased potassium, decreased BP, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity
USE WITH CAUTION in those who have auditory/renal impairments
Suffix for Thiazide Diuretics
✓ -thiazide
MOA for thiazide diuretics
Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
✓ blood water reabsorption in distal tube of nephron-- increases urine
output
adverse drug reactions for thiazide diuretics
✓ decreases potassium, increases uric acid, increases calcium
AVOID use in hx with gout, use cautiously with kidney disease
Contraindicator for thiazide diuretics
✓ those with sulfa allergies, contains sulfa group in molecular structure.
Also avoid in hx of gout due to increase of uric acid
Aldosterone antagonists MOA
✓ inhibits aldosterone which results in sodium loss in the nephron, water
follows and is excreted, potassium is retained (potassium sparing
diuretic)
example of an aldosterone antagonist
✓ Spironolactone
adverse drug reactions for aldosterone antagonists
Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
✓ high potassium, androgen blocking (blocks testosterone and causes
estrogen effects)
beta blocker examples
✓ Propranolol (Inderal)
Metroprolol (Lopressor/Toprol XL)
Atenolol (Tenormin)
Carvedilol (Coreg)
MOA of beta blockers
✓ block adrenergic effects of Beta 1 and Beta 2 receptors (cause
cholinergic effects)
result in low HR and Low BP
Contraindicators for beta blockers
✓ chronic respiratory conditions (particularly for beta 2 blockers)
HR <60 bpm
disguises hypoglycemia symptoms
What does angiotensin 2 do?
Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
✓ angiotensin II causes vasonconstriction and secretion of aldosterone,
which results in reabsorption of sodium/water in the nephrons
angiotensin 2 converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) suffix and MOA
✓ suffix: -pril example: lisinopril
MOA: inhibits ACE from converting angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2, therefor
prevents water reabsorption
decreases cardiac workload
decreases BP
Adverse drug reactions for ACE inhibitors
✓ high potassium, angioedema, dry cough
Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARBs) suffix and MOA
✓ suffix: sartan example: losartan
MOA: prevent Angiotensin2 from binding to receptor sites, which then
prevents reabsorption of water and vasoconstriction
leads to lower BP
Adverse drug reactions of ARBS
Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update
WGU D027 pathopharm Questions
and Answers (100% Pass)
Mechanism of Action for loop diuretics
✓ block water reasborption in the loop of Henle of nephron. Increases
urine output
Suffix for loop
✓ -emide
ex: furosemide
cautions in using loop diuretics
✓ decreased potassium, decreased BP, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity
USE WITH CAUTION in those who have auditory/renal impairments
Suffix for Thiazide Diuretics
✓ -thiazide
MOA for thiazide diuretics
Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
✓ blood water reabsorption in distal tube of nephron-- increases urine
output
adverse drug reactions for thiazide diuretics
✓ decreases potassium, increases uric acid, increases calcium
AVOID use in hx with gout, use cautiously with kidney disease
Contraindicator for thiazide diuretics
✓ those with sulfa allergies, contains sulfa group in molecular structure.
Also avoid in hx of gout due to increase of uric acid
Aldosterone antagonists MOA
✓ inhibits aldosterone which results in sodium loss in the nephron, water
follows and is excreted, potassium is retained (potassium sparing
diuretic)
example of an aldosterone antagonist
✓ Spironolactone
adverse drug reactions for aldosterone antagonists
Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
✓ high potassium, androgen blocking (blocks testosterone and causes
estrogen effects)
beta blocker examples
✓ Propranolol (Inderal)
Metroprolol (Lopressor/Toprol XL)
Atenolol (Tenormin)
Carvedilol (Coreg)
MOA of beta blockers
✓ block adrenergic effects of Beta 1 and Beta 2 receptors (cause
cholinergic effects)
result in low HR and Low BP
Contraindicators for beta blockers
✓ chronic respiratory conditions (particularly for beta 2 blockers)
HR <60 bpm
disguises hypoglycemia symptoms
What does angiotensin 2 do?
Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
✓ angiotensin II causes vasonconstriction and secretion of aldosterone,
which results in reabsorption of sodium/water in the nephrons
angiotensin 2 converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) suffix and MOA
✓ suffix: -pril example: lisinopril
MOA: inhibits ACE from converting angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2, therefor
prevents water reabsorption
decreases cardiac workload
decreases BP
Adverse drug reactions for ACE inhibitors
✓ high potassium, angioedema, dry cough
Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARBs) suffix and MOA
✓ suffix: sartan example: losartan
MOA: prevent Angiotensin2 from binding to receptor sites, which then
prevents reabsorption of water and vasoconstriction
leads to lower BP
Adverse drug reactions of ARBS
Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update
