A-LEVEL EDEXCEL PAPER 2 PURE
MATHEMATICS June 2024 MARK SCHEME
(9MA0/02)
Globalisation - answer-The growing interdependence of countries,
people and cultures worldwide through increasing connections including
trade in goods and services and flows of capital, technology and ideas/
Shrinking world - answer-Although physical distances around the world
are unchanged, technology has massively reduced the time it takes to
trade, travel, and communicate globally.
Transport developments for globalisation - answer-- Railways
- Aircraft
- Containerisation
ICT developments for globalisation - answer-- Mobile
phones/telephones
- The internet
- GIS/GPS
- Broadband/fibre optics
Political and economic organisations - answer-1. World bank
2. International monetary fund (IMF)
3. World Trade Organisation (WTO)
,Why were political and economic organisations needed post WW2? -
answer-Following the second-world-war, the economically weak
western nations wanted to prevent the spread of communism from the
east, which they saw as a threat. These organisations were established
for economic development, and to control and oversee international
agreements.
Trade restrictions - answer-- Tariffs
- Quotas
- Embargo
- Subsidies
Tariffs - answer-A tax placed on goods that are imported from other
countries
Quotas - answer-A limit placed on the number of goods that are
imported from other countries
Embargo - answer-A ban placed on certain goods imported from other
countries
Subsidies - answer-A sum of money granted by the government to help
an industry or business keep the price of goods low
WTO goal - answer-The WTO wants to eradicate barriers to trade
Free Trade - answer-Trade without any restrictions
Free Trade process - answer-1. Governments take away barriers that
make trade more difficult and costly.
2. As coasts are reduced, TNCs will see a profit and want to invest in
nations.
3. TNCs will bring new ideas, products, cultures, etc. to a nation
4. Also the TNC will generate wealth.
,5. Their wealth and development will increase standard of life and
demand for foreign products.
6. As an economy has more TNCs, they become more interconnected
and interdependent for each other.
Trading Blocs - answer-Countries which group together to improve their
economic interest and trading patterns. They often do this by placing
barriers to trade with countries outside the group.
NAFTA - answer-North American Free Trade Agreement
- USA, Mexico, Canada
- Population = 472m
- Combined GDP (PPP) = $20.2 tn
EU - answer-European Union
- Population = 508m
= GDP (PPP) $19 tn
MERCOSAR - answer-Southern Common Market
- Six full members
- Population = 289m
- GDP (PPP) $4 tn
- South America
OPEC - answer-Organisation of petroleum exporting countries
- A group of 12 major oil producing countries
- African, South American, and Middle Eastern members
- Control around 2/3 of global oil reserves
- They can make sure they get a fair price from oil consuming countries
ASEAN - answer-Association of South East Asian Nations
- 10 countries formed in 1967
- Combined population of 625 million
- Combined GDP (PPP) = $3.6 tn
- Seventh largest economy in the world
, Social positives of trading groups - answer-- Withing social and political
unions people are often free to live and work in the country of their
choice within the union.
- Living standards go up as trade prospers
Social negatives of trading groups - answer-- With relaxed borders it is
easier for illegal immigrants to move around within the bloc
- Legislation can limit workers as well as protect them
Economic positives of trading groups - answer-- Trade blocs protect the
are'as economy from competition
- Free trade within the bloc
- Market access and trade creation
- Economies of scale
- Jobs may be created as a consequence of increased trade between
member economies
- Firms inside the bloc are protected from cheaper imports from outside.
- Inefficient producers within the bloc can be protected from more
efficient ones outside the bloc.
- Being within a trading bloc encourages FOREIGN DIRECT
INVESTMENT from TNCs
- Trading blocs can help companies grow
Economic negatives of trading groups - answer-- The benefits of global
free trade can be lost as countries concentrate trade withing their trade
area or bloc
- Trade blocs cost money
Environmental positive of trading groups - answer-Social and economic
unions can set high environmental standards
Environmental negative of trading groups - answer-Trading blocs
increase food miles as the cheapest product within the bloc will be the
most traded.
MATHEMATICS June 2024 MARK SCHEME
(9MA0/02)
Globalisation - answer-The growing interdependence of countries,
people and cultures worldwide through increasing connections including
trade in goods and services and flows of capital, technology and ideas/
Shrinking world - answer-Although physical distances around the world
are unchanged, technology has massively reduced the time it takes to
trade, travel, and communicate globally.
Transport developments for globalisation - answer-- Railways
- Aircraft
- Containerisation
ICT developments for globalisation - answer-- Mobile
phones/telephones
- The internet
- GIS/GPS
- Broadband/fibre optics
Political and economic organisations - answer-1. World bank
2. International monetary fund (IMF)
3. World Trade Organisation (WTO)
,Why were political and economic organisations needed post WW2? -
answer-Following the second-world-war, the economically weak
western nations wanted to prevent the spread of communism from the
east, which they saw as a threat. These organisations were established
for economic development, and to control and oversee international
agreements.
Trade restrictions - answer-- Tariffs
- Quotas
- Embargo
- Subsidies
Tariffs - answer-A tax placed on goods that are imported from other
countries
Quotas - answer-A limit placed on the number of goods that are
imported from other countries
Embargo - answer-A ban placed on certain goods imported from other
countries
Subsidies - answer-A sum of money granted by the government to help
an industry or business keep the price of goods low
WTO goal - answer-The WTO wants to eradicate barriers to trade
Free Trade - answer-Trade without any restrictions
Free Trade process - answer-1. Governments take away barriers that
make trade more difficult and costly.
2. As coasts are reduced, TNCs will see a profit and want to invest in
nations.
3. TNCs will bring new ideas, products, cultures, etc. to a nation
4. Also the TNC will generate wealth.
,5. Their wealth and development will increase standard of life and
demand for foreign products.
6. As an economy has more TNCs, they become more interconnected
and interdependent for each other.
Trading Blocs - answer-Countries which group together to improve their
economic interest and trading patterns. They often do this by placing
barriers to trade with countries outside the group.
NAFTA - answer-North American Free Trade Agreement
- USA, Mexico, Canada
- Population = 472m
- Combined GDP (PPP) = $20.2 tn
EU - answer-European Union
- Population = 508m
= GDP (PPP) $19 tn
MERCOSAR - answer-Southern Common Market
- Six full members
- Population = 289m
- GDP (PPP) $4 tn
- South America
OPEC - answer-Organisation of petroleum exporting countries
- A group of 12 major oil producing countries
- African, South American, and Middle Eastern members
- Control around 2/3 of global oil reserves
- They can make sure they get a fair price from oil consuming countries
ASEAN - answer-Association of South East Asian Nations
- 10 countries formed in 1967
- Combined population of 625 million
- Combined GDP (PPP) = $3.6 tn
- Seventh largest economy in the world
, Social positives of trading groups - answer-- Withing social and political
unions people are often free to live and work in the country of their
choice within the union.
- Living standards go up as trade prospers
Social negatives of trading groups - answer-- With relaxed borders it is
easier for illegal immigrants to move around within the bloc
- Legislation can limit workers as well as protect them
Economic positives of trading groups - answer-- Trade blocs protect the
are'as economy from competition
- Free trade within the bloc
- Market access and trade creation
- Economies of scale
- Jobs may be created as a consequence of increased trade between
member economies
- Firms inside the bloc are protected from cheaper imports from outside.
- Inefficient producers within the bloc can be protected from more
efficient ones outside the bloc.
- Being within a trading bloc encourages FOREIGN DIRECT
INVESTMENT from TNCs
- Trading blocs can help companies grow
Economic negatives of trading groups - answer-- The benefits of global
free trade can be lost as countries concentrate trade withing their trade
area or bloc
- Trade blocs cost money
Environmental positive of trading groups - answer-Social and economic
unions can set high environmental standards
Environmental negative of trading groups - answer-Trading blocs
increase food miles as the cheapest product within the bloc will be the
most traded.
