1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
D027 Pathopharm Questions and
Answers (100% Pass)
color blindness and hemophilia
✓ sex-linked traits,
cones lack one or more wavelength-sensitive chemicals, you will be unable
to distinguish the colors red, green or blue. Some conditions that can cause
color deficits are sickle cell anemia.
Thiazide diuretics mechanism of action
✓ -Inhibit Na reabsorption in the *distal tubule*
-Promotes up to 10% of Na and H2O excretion
-Increase urinary excretion of other electrolytes
Diuril (chlorothiazide)
✓ 1st line drug tx for antihypertensive, thiazide diuretic, tx by reducing bld
vol, increased urination
Calcium Channel Blockers
Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
✓ (INE)agents that inhibit the entry of calcium ions into heart muscle
cells, causing a slowing of the heart rate, a lessening of the demand for
oxygen and nutrients, and a relaxing of the smooth muscle cells of the
blood vessels to cause dilation; used to prevent or treat angina
pectoris, some arrhythmias, and hypertension
Ca Channel Blockers
✓ Dilate the arteries and reduce the force of the heart's contractions
Norvasc (amlodipine)
Cardizem (Diltiazem)
ACE inhibitors adverse effects
✓ 1. first dose hypotension
2. orthostatic hypotension
3.tachycardia
4.photosensitvity
5.renal insufficiency
6. hyperkalemia
7. Angioedema
8. Bone marrow depression
Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
Beta Blockers
✓ decrease heart rate and dilate arteries by blocking beta receptors by
inhibiting effects of norepi
Escitalopram
✓ Lexapro
SSRI
pituitary gland
✓ The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of
the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other
endocrine glands.
atherosclerotic plaque
✓ fatty deposits accumulated due to elevated glucose levels
Primary HTN risk factors
✓ 1. Genetic predisposition
2. Excess dietary salt intake
Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
3. Adrenergic tone
4. racial pattern (HIGHEST : African Americans)
Primary HTN causes
✓ Renal Parenchymal disease
Renal vascular disease
essential HTN
Cardiovascular disease
CNS abnormalities
Endocrine disease
Syndromes
Medication related (rare).
EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) proteins, mutation driving lung
cancer
✓ medicate with Tagrisso, a type of tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
Tagrisso (osimertinib)
✓ non-small cell lung cancer
Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update
D027 Pathopharm Questions and
Answers (100% Pass)
color blindness and hemophilia
✓ sex-linked traits,
cones lack one or more wavelength-sensitive chemicals, you will be unable
to distinguish the colors red, green or blue. Some conditions that can cause
color deficits are sickle cell anemia.
Thiazide diuretics mechanism of action
✓ -Inhibit Na reabsorption in the *distal tubule*
-Promotes up to 10% of Na and H2O excretion
-Increase urinary excretion of other electrolytes
Diuril (chlorothiazide)
✓ 1st line drug tx for antihypertensive, thiazide diuretic, tx by reducing bld
vol, increased urination
Calcium Channel Blockers
Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
✓ (INE)agents that inhibit the entry of calcium ions into heart muscle
cells, causing a slowing of the heart rate, a lessening of the demand for
oxygen and nutrients, and a relaxing of the smooth muscle cells of the
blood vessels to cause dilation; used to prevent or treat angina
pectoris, some arrhythmias, and hypertension
Ca Channel Blockers
✓ Dilate the arteries and reduce the force of the heart's contractions
Norvasc (amlodipine)
Cardizem (Diltiazem)
ACE inhibitors adverse effects
✓ 1. first dose hypotension
2. orthostatic hypotension
3.tachycardia
4.photosensitvity
5.renal insufficiency
6. hyperkalemia
7. Angioedema
8. Bone marrow depression
Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
Beta Blockers
✓ decrease heart rate and dilate arteries by blocking beta receptors by
inhibiting effects of norepi
Escitalopram
✓ Lexapro
SSRI
pituitary gland
✓ The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of
the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other
endocrine glands.
atherosclerotic plaque
✓ fatty deposits accumulated due to elevated glucose levels
Primary HTN risk factors
✓ 1. Genetic predisposition
2. Excess dietary salt intake
Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
3. Adrenergic tone
4. racial pattern (HIGHEST : African Americans)
Primary HTN causes
✓ Renal Parenchymal disease
Renal vascular disease
essential HTN
Cardiovascular disease
CNS abnormalities
Endocrine disease
Syndromes
Medication related (rare).
EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) proteins, mutation driving lung
cancer
✓ medicate with Tagrisso, a type of tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
Tagrisso (osimertinib)
✓ non-small cell lung cancer
Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update
