NUR 146 GI EXAM QUESTIONS AND 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS
Gerontologic Considerations
- CONSTIPATION
- xerostomia-decreased saliva
- dysphagia-difficulty swallowing/chewing
- GERD-reflux/heartburn
- decreased stomach secretions
- atrophy of muscle
- fecal incontinence
Enteral Nutrition
- infusion of nutritional formula via tube into GI tract
- NG
- Dobhoff-smaller, more flexible, seen in x-rays
Enteral Nutrition MGMT
- Monitor for GI symptoms and aspiration/pneumonia
- Flush 30mL of sterile water before/after feeding or every 4 hours if continuous feeding
- Flush 15mL between medications
Open System
bolus given w/ syringe by gravity
Closed System
,- sterile container used
- always on a pump (not manual)
Gastric Tubes
- nasogastric vs. orogastric
- used for feeding, decompression, lavage.
COMPLICATIONS:
- induce Emesis
- soft tissue trauma/bleeding
- misplacement into trachea
Gastric Tube Types
1. Levin: single lumen, plastic or rubber
2. Salem pump: dual-lumen, blue port, radiopaque, anti-reflux valve
3. Dobhoff/EnteraFlo: smaller, flexible, metal stylet, weighted tip
, Feeding Types
1. Bolus
2. Intermittent drip
3. Continuous feedings
4. Cyclic feedings
Feeding MGMT
-position patient in High Fowlers
-residual before bolus feeding or every 4 hours if continuous feeding
-change tubing every 24 hours
Hiatal Hernia
protrusion of upper stomach through opening in lower thorax
Sliding Hiatal Hernia
*most common*
stomach slides into thoracic cavity through the esophageal hiatus
SX: asymptomatic; or heartburn and dysphagia
Paraesophageal Hiatal Hernia
stomach squeezes through the diaphragm and pushes into the chest next to the
esophagus
- risk for hemorrhage, obstruction, strangulation
Hiatal Hernia DX
- X-ray, barium swallow, EGD, chest CT
Hiatal Hernia MGMT
frequent small feedings, sit up for 1 hour after eating, elevate HOB, advance diet slowly
GERD
- gastroesophageal reflux disease
- impaired lower esophageal sphincter
CORRECT ANSWERS
Gerontologic Considerations
- CONSTIPATION
- xerostomia-decreased saliva
- dysphagia-difficulty swallowing/chewing
- GERD-reflux/heartburn
- decreased stomach secretions
- atrophy of muscle
- fecal incontinence
Enteral Nutrition
- infusion of nutritional formula via tube into GI tract
- NG
- Dobhoff-smaller, more flexible, seen in x-rays
Enteral Nutrition MGMT
- Monitor for GI symptoms and aspiration/pneumonia
- Flush 30mL of sterile water before/after feeding or every 4 hours if continuous feeding
- Flush 15mL between medications
Open System
bolus given w/ syringe by gravity
Closed System
,- sterile container used
- always on a pump (not manual)
Gastric Tubes
- nasogastric vs. orogastric
- used for feeding, decompression, lavage.
COMPLICATIONS:
- induce Emesis
- soft tissue trauma/bleeding
- misplacement into trachea
Gastric Tube Types
1. Levin: single lumen, plastic or rubber
2. Salem pump: dual-lumen, blue port, radiopaque, anti-reflux valve
3. Dobhoff/EnteraFlo: smaller, flexible, metal stylet, weighted tip
, Feeding Types
1. Bolus
2. Intermittent drip
3. Continuous feedings
4. Cyclic feedings
Feeding MGMT
-position patient in High Fowlers
-residual before bolus feeding or every 4 hours if continuous feeding
-change tubing every 24 hours
Hiatal Hernia
protrusion of upper stomach through opening in lower thorax
Sliding Hiatal Hernia
*most common*
stomach slides into thoracic cavity through the esophageal hiatus
SX: asymptomatic; or heartburn and dysphagia
Paraesophageal Hiatal Hernia
stomach squeezes through the diaphragm and pushes into the chest next to the
esophagus
- risk for hemorrhage, obstruction, strangulation
Hiatal Hernia DX
- X-ray, barium swallow, EGD, chest CT
Hiatal Hernia MGMT
frequent small feedings, sit up for 1 hour after eating, elevate HOB, advance diet slowly
GERD
- gastroesophageal reflux disease
- impaired lower esophageal sphincter
