BIOLOGY UNIT 1-4
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Flashcard 1
- Question: What are the main elements of life?
- Answer: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur.
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Flashcard 2
- Question: What is the main function of the ribosomes in a cell?
- Answer: Ribosomes read mRNA and synthesize proteins.
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Flashcard 3
- Question: What type of bond involves the sharing of electrons between
atoms?
- Answer: Covalent bonds.
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Flashcard 4
- Question: What is the role of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?
- Answer: Mitochondria generate energy needed for biochemical reactions and
regulate metabolic activity.
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Flashcard 5
- Question: How do monosaccharides like glucose function in living organisms?
- Answer: They are key molecules for energy metabolism, short-term energy
storage, and as components of cell walls.
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,Flashcard 6
- Question: What type of functional group is represented by -OH and what are
its properties?
- Answer: The hydroxyl group is polar, soluble, and reactive but does not affect
pH.
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Flashcard 7
- Question: What theory explains the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?
- Answer: The endosymbiosis theory suggests that mitochondria and
chloroplasts originated from bacteria.
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Flashcard 8
- Question: What is the difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?
- Answer: Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and internal compartments
(organelles), whereas prokaryotic cells do not.
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Flashcard 9
- Question: What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in the cell?
- Answer: The Golgi apparatus transports and sorts proteins for delivery within
or outside of the cell.
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Flashcard 10
- Question: What is the structure of a phospholipid and why is it important?
- Answer: A phospholipid has a polar head and two non-polar tails, and it
forms the bilayer of cell membranes, creating a barrier between the inside
and outside of the cell.
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Flashcard 11
, - Question: What are the two types of bonds found in water molecules?
- Answer: Covalent bonds within a water molecule (between O and H atoms)
and hydrogen bonds between different water molecules.
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Flashcard 12
- Question: What are monosaccharides, and what is their basic function in
cells?
- Answer: Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates (e.g.,
glucose) and serve as a primary energy source.
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Flashcard 13
- Question: What is the function of the central vacuole in plant cells?
- Answer: It stores water, pigments, sugars, and toxins, and helps maintain
turgor pressure to keep the plant upright.
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Flashcard 14
- Question: What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty
acids?
- Answer: Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms,
while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds, causing them to
bend.
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done ^
Flashcard 15
- Question: What does the pH scale measure?
- Answer: The concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺) in a solution, where lower pH
is more acidic and higher pH is more basic.
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Flashcard 16
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Flashcard 1
- Question: What are the main elements of life?
- Answer: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur.
---
Flashcard 2
- Question: What is the main function of the ribosomes in a cell?
- Answer: Ribosomes read mRNA and synthesize proteins.
---
Flashcard 3
- Question: What type of bond involves the sharing of electrons between
atoms?
- Answer: Covalent bonds.
---
Flashcard 4
- Question: What is the role of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?
- Answer: Mitochondria generate energy needed for biochemical reactions and
regulate metabolic activity.
---
Flashcard 5
- Question: How do monosaccharides like glucose function in living organisms?
- Answer: They are key molecules for energy metabolism, short-term energy
storage, and as components of cell walls.
---
,Flashcard 6
- Question: What type of functional group is represented by -OH and what are
its properties?
- Answer: The hydroxyl group is polar, soluble, and reactive but does not affect
pH.
---
Flashcard 7
- Question: What theory explains the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?
- Answer: The endosymbiosis theory suggests that mitochondria and
chloroplasts originated from bacteria.
---
Flashcard 8
- Question: What is the difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?
- Answer: Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and internal compartments
(organelles), whereas prokaryotic cells do not.
---
Flashcard 9
- Question: What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in the cell?
- Answer: The Golgi apparatus transports and sorts proteins for delivery within
or outside of the cell.
---
Flashcard 10
- Question: What is the structure of a phospholipid and why is it important?
- Answer: A phospholipid has a polar head and two non-polar tails, and it
forms the bilayer of cell membranes, creating a barrier between the inside
and outside of the cell.
---
Flashcard 11
, - Question: What are the two types of bonds found in water molecules?
- Answer: Covalent bonds within a water molecule (between O and H atoms)
and hydrogen bonds between different water molecules.
---
Flashcard 12
- Question: What are monosaccharides, and what is their basic function in
cells?
- Answer: Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates (e.g.,
glucose) and serve as a primary energy source.
---
Flashcard 13
- Question: What is the function of the central vacuole in plant cells?
- Answer: It stores water, pigments, sugars, and toxins, and helps maintain
turgor pressure to keep the plant upright.
---
Flashcard 14
- Question: What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty
acids?
- Answer: Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms,
while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds, causing them to
bend.
---
done ^
Flashcard 15
- Question: What does the pH scale measure?
- Answer: The concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺) in a solution, where lower pH
is more acidic and higher pH is more basic.
---
Flashcard 16
