SJSU: Psyc-102 Exam 1 questions and
answers
Normative development✔✔Based on typical, statistical norms
Individual development✔✔factors that affect individuals, variance, unique exps =>
diff paths
Canalization✔✔some changes more affected by biological factors > env factors.
Producing the same pheonotype despite living in different conditions.
Experiential canalization✔✔take into account experiences into biology, nurture >
nature• I.e. children in poverty more alert to danger, aware of potential harm ,
sensitive to signals of danger, constant state of alertness => stressful life (trade off),
more quick to respond to harmful signal, may be over alert
Ecological validity✔✔How much do the findings apply to real life/environment
simulated may not reflect real life
Cohort effect✔✔A unique or historical event that affects a large group of people
(war, pandemic, natural disaster)
Subject attrition✔✔In a longitudinal study, the loss of participants over time
G.S. Hall✔✔- Wanted to make the study of children more scientific
- used more objective measures
- underestimated how much children knew during interviews
Freud✔✔- childhood develops personality, critical time for personality development
- Interactions between parents and children affect their outcome
Watson✔✔- Little Albert Study
- believed that we are born with only a handful of emotions, one being fear
Piaget✔✔- Development equals learning
- Development is the result of interaction between maturation change and
experience
- Readiness: you cannot teach a child something they are not ready to learn
- Equilibrium/Cognitive Balance and disequilibrium: allows a child to learn more
about what they already know
- We don't like not knowing things so when we don't know something we try to figure
it out
- Not interested in individual differences
answers
Normative development✔✔Based on typical, statistical norms
Individual development✔✔factors that affect individuals, variance, unique exps =>
diff paths
Canalization✔✔some changes more affected by biological factors > env factors.
Producing the same pheonotype despite living in different conditions.
Experiential canalization✔✔take into account experiences into biology, nurture >
nature• I.e. children in poverty more alert to danger, aware of potential harm ,
sensitive to signals of danger, constant state of alertness => stressful life (trade off),
more quick to respond to harmful signal, may be over alert
Ecological validity✔✔How much do the findings apply to real life/environment
simulated may not reflect real life
Cohort effect✔✔A unique or historical event that affects a large group of people
(war, pandemic, natural disaster)
Subject attrition✔✔In a longitudinal study, the loss of participants over time
G.S. Hall✔✔- Wanted to make the study of children more scientific
- used more objective measures
- underestimated how much children knew during interviews
Freud✔✔- childhood develops personality, critical time for personality development
- Interactions between parents and children affect their outcome
Watson✔✔- Little Albert Study
- believed that we are born with only a handful of emotions, one being fear
Piaget✔✔- Development equals learning
- Development is the result of interaction between maturation change and
experience
- Readiness: you cannot teach a child something they are not ready to learn
- Equilibrium/Cognitive Balance and disequilibrium: allows a child to learn more
about what they already know
- We don't like not knowing things so when we don't know something we try to figure
it out
- Not interested in individual differences
