Psych 217 Final Exam Questions with
Correct Answers | Verified | 2024
If the distribution of the data is very right skewed, the best measure of the average to
use is ✔Median
summary of experiment flow chart ✔results in experimental group are different than
control? Y/N (if no, start over!!) IF yes, are the results likely to have occured just by
chance or luck? Y/N, IF yes, start over!! If no, try to publish experiment
The research process involves three steps: ✔Brainstorm, take action, bask in glory
questions involved in brainstorm: step one of research process ✔what is your big idea?
how do you measure it?
questions involved in take action: step two of research process ✔who should take part
in your study? what do the people in your study do?
questions involved in basking in glory: step three of research process ✔how do you
understand your results? should you have a party now?
Amori's study- teens and FB ✔the youth most active on FB were actually the most
socially competent
money spending and happiness ✔treating yourself to small luxuries will make you
happier than splurging on a 600 dollar phone
where do research ideas come from? ✔from reading someone elses study, from a past
study you did, from and observation, from random luck
hypothesis development: what makes a good hypothesis? ✔a good hypothesis is
specific and falsifiable
-you need to be able to make a specific prediction
-it needs to be possible to disprove
EX of bad hypothesis: everything happens for a reason even if nobody knows why
REMINDER: NEVER say the word __________ in psych, there could be an alternate
explanation ✔PROVE
1. A theory that is compatible with every possible outcome is ✔a. falsifiable
b. the ultimate theory
c. what scientists strive to develop
,d. all of the above
e. none of the above
E!!
2. What is the problem with using intuition to make conclusions about human behavior?
✔It is easy to draw biased conclusions.
3. According to Cozby and Rawn, the 4 main goals of science are ✔to describe, to
predict, to determine causation, to explain.
4. What are ways to generate hypotheses? ✔a. From reading someone else's study
b. From a past study you did
c. From an observation
d. a and b
e. all of the above
5. Which of the following is the type of question a scientist would NOT ask ✔Does God
exist? -- not falsifiable
6. What are the characteristics of a good hypothesis? ✔Falsifiable, specific.
We could line everyone up in the classroom from oldest to youngest. The order in which
people were standing (e.g., oldest, second oldest, third oldest...) is an example of what
type of scale? ✔Ordinal
Reactivity is ✔when awareness of being measured changes the person's behavior
What's the difference between random sampling and random assignment? ✔random
sampling refers to randomly selecting participants to be in your study from a population
tand random assignment means randomly designating your participants to the control
group or experimental group
t or f? It is possible to have random sampling without random assignment. ✔true
People who do well on odd numbered questions on the midterm tend to be the same
people who do well on the even numbered questions on the midterm. This means that
the midterm has good: ✔internal consistency reliability
A scale of extroversion is expected to be unrelated to the amount of food someone eats
at a party. This is an example of: ✔discriminant validity
what is a non random way to sample? ✔create a study with all of your friends
,operationalizing your variable ✔the variable must be operationalized--> validated and
measured correctly
construct ✔global idea you hope to measure- like a theory
operational definition ✔the actual scale you used to measure the construct
IE) agression during a full moon
-how did you measure the aggression?
operational definitions should be: ✔specific and measurable
IE) aggression better measured by number of times a child hits another within 5
minutes
-this is worse: "child seems mean"
mikamis operational definitions of popularity ✔-number of kids clustered around the
child at lunch
-number of classmates who say they like the child
measuring cats smartness vs. dogs vs. pigs ✔-cats and pigs can locate food showed in
mirror
-dogs follow human pointing
-pigs dont recognize themselves in the mirror
reliability ✔the score on your variable is consistent, the consistency or stability of a
measure of behaviour
measures of reliability: test- retest ✔by testing the variable and then retesting, the
results should be consistent
measures of reliability: split half and consistency ✔after splitting variable into parts,
should score similarly on both. IE) first part of a test should match second part
measures of reliability: inter- rater reliability ✔having another person observe the
variable to ensure the same results are being obtained.
IE) 2 researchers watching child for agressions (measured in number of hits)
construct validity ✔the score on your variable means what you hope it means
IE) intelligence tests that truely measure intelligence
face validity ✔-looks like it measures what it is supposed to
IE) asking people in survey if they are depressed? If yes--> depressed...
, concurrent and predictive validity ✔score that is received now is associated with
something at the same time vs. predicting in the future
covergent and discriminant validity ✔convergent- score high on scale then you score
high on other things, discriminant-- score on scale doesnt reflect other things IE)
extraverts eat alot a parties ?? NOT- no relation
reliability is a necessary but not sufficient condition for construct validity ✔validity is
more important
-not possible to have a test thats valid but not reliable
variables: nominal ✔categorical, cant be ranked IE) boys, girls
variables: ordinal ✔can be ranked, but distance between two points isnt the same IE)
swim meet
variables: interval ✔in an order, distance between 2 points is the same, no meaningful
zero IE) temperature
variables: ratio ✔in an order, distance is the same between 2 adjacent points,
meaningful zero Ie) how many dogs you have
population ✔the entire set of things of interest
sample ✔the part of the population about which you actually have information
-have to guess or assume whether the sample will generalize to the entire population
-we have to make the sample the most representative of the population
random sampling ✔you almost inevitably have to take a sample and guess whether the
results from that sample will generalize
-sample should be selected at RANDOM
the bigger your sample... ✔the more likely it is to reflect the entire population
MOE stands for ✔margin of error
MOE explained ✔MOE= 2.8%
There is a 95% chance that the poll number recieved in BC falls between 32.2 and 37.8,
with the derived number of 35% and a margin of error of 2.8%.
intuition ✔ability to aquire knowledge w/o use of reason or inference
-problem: many cognitive and motivational biases affect our perceptions
Correct Answers | Verified | 2024
If the distribution of the data is very right skewed, the best measure of the average to
use is ✔Median
summary of experiment flow chart ✔results in experimental group are different than
control? Y/N (if no, start over!!) IF yes, are the results likely to have occured just by
chance or luck? Y/N, IF yes, start over!! If no, try to publish experiment
The research process involves three steps: ✔Brainstorm, take action, bask in glory
questions involved in brainstorm: step one of research process ✔what is your big idea?
how do you measure it?
questions involved in take action: step two of research process ✔who should take part
in your study? what do the people in your study do?
questions involved in basking in glory: step three of research process ✔how do you
understand your results? should you have a party now?
Amori's study- teens and FB ✔the youth most active on FB were actually the most
socially competent
money spending and happiness ✔treating yourself to small luxuries will make you
happier than splurging on a 600 dollar phone
where do research ideas come from? ✔from reading someone elses study, from a past
study you did, from and observation, from random luck
hypothesis development: what makes a good hypothesis? ✔a good hypothesis is
specific and falsifiable
-you need to be able to make a specific prediction
-it needs to be possible to disprove
EX of bad hypothesis: everything happens for a reason even if nobody knows why
REMINDER: NEVER say the word __________ in psych, there could be an alternate
explanation ✔PROVE
1. A theory that is compatible with every possible outcome is ✔a. falsifiable
b. the ultimate theory
c. what scientists strive to develop
,d. all of the above
e. none of the above
E!!
2. What is the problem with using intuition to make conclusions about human behavior?
✔It is easy to draw biased conclusions.
3. According to Cozby and Rawn, the 4 main goals of science are ✔to describe, to
predict, to determine causation, to explain.
4. What are ways to generate hypotheses? ✔a. From reading someone else's study
b. From a past study you did
c. From an observation
d. a and b
e. all of the above
5. Which of the following is the type of question a scientist would NOT ask ✔Does God
exist? -- not falsifiable
6. What are the characteristics of a good hypothesis? ✔Falsifiable, specific.
We could line everyone up in the classroom from oldest to youngest. The order in which
people were standing (e.g., oldest, second oldest, third oldest...) is an example of what
type of scale? ✔Ordinal
Reactivity is ✔when awareness of being measured changes the person's behavior
What's the difference between random sampling and random assignment? ✔random
sampling refers to randomly selecting participants to be in your study from a population
tand random assignment means randomly designating your participants to the control
group or experimental group
t or f? It is possible to have random sampling without random assignment. ✔true
People who do well on odd numbered questions on the midterm tend to be the same
people who do well on the even numbered questions on the midterm. This means that
the midterm has good: ✔internal consistency reliability
A scale of extroversion is expected to be unrelated to the amount of food someone eats
at a party. This is an example of: ✔discriminant validity
what is a non random way to sample? ✔create a study with all of your friends
,operationalizing your variable ✔the variable must be operationalized--> validated and
measured correctly
construct ✔global idea you hope to measure- like a theory
operational definition ✔the actual scale you used to measure the construct
IE) agression during a full moon
-how did you measure the aggression?
operational definitions should be: ✔specific and measurable
IE) aggression better measured by number of times a child hits another within 5
minutes
-this is worse: "child seems mean"
mikamis operational definitions of popularity ✔-number of kids clustered around the
child at lunch
-number of classmates who say they like the child
measuring cats smartness vs. dogs vs. pigs ✔-cats and pigs can locate food showed in
mirror
-dogs follow human pointing
-pigs dont recognize themselves in the mirror
reliability ✔the score on your variable is consistent, the consistency or stability of a
measure of behaviour
measures of reliability: test- retest ✔by testing the variable and then retesting, the
results should be consistent
measures of reliability: split half and consistency ✔after splitting variable into parts,
should score similarly on both. IE) first part of a test should match second part
measures of reliability: inter- rater reliability ✔having another person observe the
variable to ensure the same results are being obtained.
IE) 2 researchers watching child for agressions (measured in number of hits)
construct validity ✔the score on your variable means what you hope it means
IE) intelligence tests that truely measure intelligence
face validity ✔-looks like it measures what it is supposed to
IE) asking people in survey if they are depressed? If yes--> depressed...
, concurrent and predictive validity ✔score that is received now is associated with
something at the same time vs. predicting in the future
covergent and discriminant validity ✔convergent- score high on scale then you score
high on other things, discriminant-- score on scale doesnt reflect other things IE)
extraverts eat alot a parties ?? NOT- no relation
reliability is a necessary but not sufficient condition for construct validity ✔validity is
more important
-not possible to have a test thats valid but not reliable
variables: nominal ✔categorical, cant be ranked IE) boys, girls
variables: ordinal ✔can be ranked, but distance between two points isnt the same IE)
swim meet
variables: interval ✔in an order, distance between 2 points is the same, no meaningful
zero IE) temperature
variables: ratio ✔in an order, distance is the same between 2 adjacent points,
meaningful zero Ie) how many dogs you have
population ✔the entire set of things of interest
sample ✔the part of the population about which you actually have information
-have to guess or assume whether the sample will generalize to the entire population
-we have to make the sample the most representative of the population
random sampling ✔you almost inevitably have to take a sample and guess whether the
results from that sample will generalize
-sample should be selected at RANDOM
the bigger your sample... ✔the more likely it is to reflect the entire population
MOE stands for ✔margin of error
MOE explained ✔MOE= 2.8%
There is a 95% chance that the poll number recieved in BC falls between 32.2 and 37.8,
with the derived number of 35% and a margin of error of 2.8%.
intuition ✔ability to aquire knowledge w/o use of reason or inference
-problem: many cognitive and motivational biases affect our perceptions
