OB MATERNITY
, OB MATERNITY
OB TERMINOLOGY
> LMP: last menstrual period
> LNMP: last normal menstrual period
> Gestation: # of wks from woman's last menstrual cycle to the current date. Normal gestation is 37-42 wks.
> Gravidity: # of pregnancies, previous & current, regardless of outcome (miscarriage, abortion, stillborn, alive)
> Abortion: spontaneous (miscarriage) or induced (medical intervention) before 20 wk gestation
> Parity: # of completed pregnancies/births that reached viability (> 20 wk gestation) regardless of outcome
(stillborn or alive)
> Living children: # of children alive today (does NOT include live births)
> Live births: # of children who survived birth, but may have died anytime later
> Term: babies born at normal 37-42 wk gestation regardless of outcome (stillborn or alive)
> Preterm: birth of infant at 20-37 wks gestation regardless of outcome (stillborn or alive)
> Post-term: birth of infant greater than 42 wks gestation regardless of outcome (stillborn or alive)
> Puerperium: time between delivery and 42 days after delivery
> Trimesters: First: week 1-12 Second: week 13-28 Third: week 29-delivery
PREGNANCY HISTORY & OUTCOMES
Parity
parity - number of births that have reached ≥20 weeks
Gravidity
(not number of fetuses) regardless of the outcome
gravida – a pregnant woman (live birth, stillbirth, abortion) twins/triplets count as 1
gravidity – number of pregnancies regardless of outcome nullipara – a woman who has not
nulligravida – a woman who has never been pregnant had a birth ≥20 weeks gestation
primigravida – a woman pregnant for the first time primipara – a woman who has
multigravida – a woman pregnant for at least the second time had 1 birth >20 weeks gestation
multipara – a woman who has
had 2 or more births >20 weeks resulting in viable births
5-Digit System
GTPAL Multiples count as 1 for gravidity, term, preterm, & abortions
Multiples actual number recorded for living children
314
, PREGNANCY
OB MATERNITY HISTORY & OUTCOMES
GRAVIDITY number of pregnancies, current pregnancy included
TERM BIRTHS number born after 37 weeks (38 – 42)
PRE-TERM BIRTHS number born before 37 weeks
ABORTIONS / number of pregnancies ending before 20 weeks
MISCARRIAGES
LIVING CHILDREN number of current living children
GTPAL Calculation Example
Imagine a patient who has had 2 term deliveries, 1 preterm delivery,
7 miscarriages, and has 2 living children.
G = 10 (the patient's combined 2 term birth + 1 preterm birth + 7 miscarriages )
T = 2 (the patient's 2 term births)
P = 1 (the patient's 1 preterm births)
A = 7 (the patient's 7 miscarriages)
L = 2 (the patient's 2 living children)
To further clarify what GTPAL means and doesn't mean, notice that the patient
had a total of 3 births, but only has 2 living children. This patient lost their child at some point,
and based on the available data, the child may have died in infancy or died at age 20—we don't know.
315
, OB MATERNITY
OB TERMINOLOGY
> LMP: last menstrual period
> LNMP: last normal menstrual period
> Gestation: # of wks from woman's last menstrual cycle to the current date. Normal gestation is 37-42 wks.
> Gravidity: # of pregnancies, previous & current, regardless of outcome (miscarriage, abortion, stillborn, alive)
> Abortion: spontaneous (miscarriage) or induced (medical intervention) before 20 wk gestation
> Parity: # of completed pregnancies/births that reached viability (> 20 wk gestation) regardless of outcome
(stillborn or alive)
> Living children: # of children alive today (does NOT include live births)
> Live births: # of children who survived birth, but may have died anytime later
> Term: babies born at normal 37-42 wk gestation regardless of outcome (stillborn or alive)
> Preterm: birth of infant at 20-37 wks gestation regardless of outcome (stillborn or alive)
> Post-term: birth of infant greater than 42 wks gestation regardless of outcome (stillborn or alive)
> Puerperium: time between delivery and 42 days after delivery
> Trimesters: First: week 1-12 Second: week 13-28 Third: week 29-delivery
PREGNANCY HISTORY & OUTCOMES
Parity
parity - number of births that have reached ≥20 weeks
Gravidity
(not number of fetuses) regardless of the outcome
gravida – a pregnant woman (live birth, stillbirth, abortion) twins/triplets count as 1
gravidity – number of pregnancies regardless of outcome nullipara – a woman who has not
nulligravida – a woman who has never been pregnant had a birth ≥20 weeks gestation
primigravida – a woman pregnant for the first time primipara – a woman who has
multigravida – a woman pregnant for at least the second time had 1 birth >20 weeks gestation
multipara – a woman who has
had 2 or more births >20 weeks resulting in viable births
5-Digit System
GTPAL Multiples count as 1 for gravidity, term, preterm, & abortions
Multiples actual number recorded for living children
314
, PREGNANCY
OB MATERNITY HISTORY & OUTCOMES
GRAVIDITY number of pregnancies, current pregnancy included
TERM BIRTHS number born after 37 weeks (38 – 42)
PRE-TERM BIRTHS number born before 37 weeks
ABORTIONS / number of pregnancies ending before 20 weeks
MISCARRIAGES
LIVING CHILDREN number of current living children
GTPAL Calculation Example
Imagine a patient who has had 2 term deliveries, 1 preterm delivery,
7 miscarriages, and has 2 living children.
G = 10 (the patient's combined 2 term birth + 1 preterm birth + 7 miscarriages )
T = 2 (the patient's 2 term births)
P = 1 (the patient's 1 preterm births)
A = 7 (the patient's 7 miscarriages)
L = 2 (the patient's 2 living children)
To further clarify what GTPAL means and doesn't mean, notice that the patient
had a total of 3 births, but only has 2 living children. This patient lost their child at some point,
and based on the available data, the child may have died in infancy or died at age 20—we don't know.
315
