Pharmacodynamics Questions with correct answer2.

Pharmacodynamics Questions with correct answers
Pharmacodynamics Correct Answer-- The study of the effects of drugs
on the body.


Pharmacodynamics Correct Answer-- Once a drug is administered, it
goes through 2 phases:
1. The pharmacokinetic phase (what the body does to the drug)
2. Pharmacodynamic phase.


Pharmacodynamic phase Correct Answer-- (what the drug does to the
body)
- Involved receptor binding, post-receptor effects, and chemical reaction.


Pharmacodynamics phase Correct Answer-- A biologic or physiologic
response results form the____


Physiologic Correct Answer-- Drugs act within the body to mimic the
actions of the body's own chemical messengers.
- Drug response can cause a primary or secondary ___ effect or body.


Primary effect Correct Answer-A drug's ____ is the desirable response


Secondary Effect Correct Answer-A drugs ___ may be a desirable or
undesirable response.

,The 2 Phases of Drug Action Correct Answer-- Drug Administration
º Solid form
º Liquid form
≥
- Pharmacokinetics
º Absorption
º Distribution
ºMetabolism/Biotransformation
º Excretion
≥
- Pharmacodynamicst:
ºDrug action:
• Onset
• Peak
• Duration
• Receptors
• Enzymes
• Hormones
• Other molecules


Dose-Response Relationships Correct Answer-- The body's physiologic
response to changes in drug concentration at the site of action.

,- Determine the minimum amount of drug needed to elicit a response,
the maximum response a drug can elicit, and how much to increase the
dosage to produce the desire increase in response.
- Has 3 phases.


Efficacy and Potency Correct Answer-- ____ are independent qualities
of a drug.


Efficacy Correct Answer-- The drug's ability to produce the desired
result.
- Maximal
º The point at which increasing a drug's dosage no longer increases the
desired therapeutic response is referred to as maximal ___.
º ____ is defined as the largest effect that a drug can produce.
º Maximal ___ is indicated by the height of the dose-response curve.
• In this example, meperidine has greater ____ than pentazocine.


Potency Correct Answer-- Refers to the amount of drug needed to elicit
a specific physiologic response to the drug.
- A drug with a high___ (e.g., morphine) produces significant
therapeutic responses at low concentrations.
- A drug with a low ___ (e.g., Meperidine) produces minimal therapeutic
responses at low concentration.
º In this example, achieving paint relief with meperidine required higher
doses than with morphine.
• ___ is rarely an important characteristics of a drug.

, minimum effective concentration (MEC) Correct Answer-- A drugs ___
is the plasma drug level below which therapeutic effects will not occur.
(the lowest blood level needed to cause the intended action)
º If the body eliminates the drug faster than the drug enters the body, the
drug level at any given time will not be enough to produce the intended
action
º If the body eliminates the drug more slowly than the drug enters the
body, the drug level could become high enough to increase side effects
or reach toxic concentration.
• Drugs must be absorbed and read a high enough concentration in the
blood (MEC) to exert therapeutic responses.


Onset Correct Answer-- the time it takes for a drug to reach the MEC
after administration


Peak Correct Answer-- A drugs__ occurs when the drug reaches its
highest concentration in the blood; it indicates the rate of drug
absorption.
º If __ drug levels are ordered, they should be drawn based on the route
of administration:
• Oral drugs reach __ in 2-3 hours
• Intramuscular (IM) drugs reach ___ in 2-4 hours.
• Intravenous (IV) drugs reach __ in 30-60 mins.