HDFS 429 Exam 1
Ages 8-12, grades 3-6 - correct answer ✔✔Age/grade of preadolescent
peer group becomes important to environment where we live every day life, adaptive features of human
traits- designed to live in social groups (fit in); humans desire social interaction/connections, want to fit
in; peers impact later development - correct answer ✔✔Why are peers important?
-awareness is increased socially (social norms, self-consciousness)
-need to fit in/blend in
-interests in being mature (look up to older kids)
-sassiness (talking back,etc.)/defying authority (verbally trying to show independence)
-friendships become more intimate (stronger relationships/spend more time w/ friends)
-self consciousness increases
-become more independent in school
-better self-regulation (emotions, etc.)
-puberty/hygiene independence
-freedom w/ friends (less supervision)
-distance from family of origin (embarrassment by parents)
-romantic interest begins - correct answer ✔✔How is preadolescence different from adolescence?
-social groups are more restricted (popularity hierarchy); not going to change much
(inflexible/restrictive) [ex. popular kids do not hang out with unpopular kids]
-in high school, the social ladder becomes more flexible, friendships across groups
-more freedom in adolescence - correct answer ✔✔Preadolescence vs. adolescence
-pressure to look good is high because of media
-social media/follow celeb culture gives kids access to models of physical attractiveness, careers
,-social media increases access to celeb cultures and leads to a social comparison (comparing ourselves to
other's performance)
-technology (smart phones, pursuit of knowledge becomes less social and more tech driven
-inhibit knowledge acquisitions
-interaction with others has inherently changed - correct answer ✔✔How have recent changes in culture
affected the social experiences of preadolescents today?
Subculture children create when they are free from adult supervision - correct answer ✔✔Peer culture
Group with distinct behaviors, beliefs, and physical spaces that differentiate them from a larger culture -
correct answer ✔✔Subculture
-less reliance/tolerance for adult supervision or authority
-need for personal privacy (from parents)
-having the right artifacts (wearing the right clothes, cursing/language/slang, music, extracurriculars) -
correct answer ✔✔What distinct behaviors and rules regulate the peer culture?
-recess/play ground/parks/cafeteria
-peer mediation
-bus
-neighborhood
-social media
-texting - correct answer ✔✔What are the "physical spaces" that make up the peer culture?
40% - correct answer ✔✔% of time spent with peers in preadolescence
Attacking someone's status within the group socially, excluding, gossiping - correct answer ✔✔Relational
aggression
-longitudinal study, first collecting when students are in 5th grade; studying peer relationships
, -measured on: do you have atleast one close friend or not?
-collected data from covariates
-overall adult adjustment- at age 23 years looked at work competence, if students were still in school,
how they were doing in school, how active they were socially, their self-worth, and depressive symptoms
-peer rejection outcomes- being rejected in 5th grade leads to lower school performance, lower work
competence and less social activity
-friendness outcomes- having close friend lead to higher feelings of self-worth in 20s and lower levels of
depressive symptoms
-conclusion: shows the importance of peer interactions when children are younger - correct answer
✔✔Bagwell et. al (1998)
Stable, voluntary friendship groups of 3-9 same-sex children (over 9=crowd) - correct answer ✔✔Clique
-parents who are more likely to get divorced are more impulsive
-if parents aren't important, who is ? -PEERS, GENETICS
-twin studies suggest about adult personality that genes and non-shared environment shapes
personality, not parents - correct answer ✔✔"The Parent Trap"
-Judy Rich Harris
-personality differences are created by genetics
-parental influence does not have a lasting impact on adult personality
-context-specific socialization: changing behavior in different settings
-sources of socialization outside the home need to belong - correct answer ✔✔Group Socialization
Theory
-behavioral genetics
-twin study findings- identical twins who were separated at birth vs. identical twins raised together
-within a given community, you could take the parents of each household, mix them up and kills will
grow up to be same as they would with their real parents - correct answer ✔✔What type of research
(and specific findings) spurred Harris to create her theory? How do the findings support Harris' theory?
-genes 40-50%
Ages 8-12, grades 3-6 - correct answer ✔✔Age/grade of preadolescent
peer group becomes important to environment where we live every day life, adaptive features of human
traits- designed to live in social groups (fit in); humans desire social interaction/connections, want to fit
in; peers impact later development - correct answer ✔✔Why are peers important?
-awareness is increased socially (social norms, self-consciousness)
-need to fit in/blend in
-interests in being mature (look up to older kids)
-sassiness (talking back,etc.)/defying authority (verbally trying to show independence)
-friendships become more intimate (stronger relationships/spend more time w/ friends)
-self consciousness increases
-become more independent in school
-better self-regulation (emotions, etc.)
-puberty/hygiene independence
-freedom w/ friends (less supervision)
-distance from family of origin (embarrassment by parents)
-romantic interest begins - correct answer ✔✔How is preadolescence different from adolescence?
-social groups are more restricted (popularity hierarchy); not going to change much
(inflexible/restrictive) [ex. popular kids do not hang out with unpopular kids]
-in high school, the social ladder becomes more flexible, friendships across groups
-more freedom in adolescence - correct answer ✔✔Preadolescence vs. adolescence
-pressure to look good is high because of media
-social media/follow celeb culture gives kids access to models of physical attractiveness, careers
,-social media increases access to celeb cultures and leads to a social comparison (comparing ourselves to
other's performance)
-technology (smart phones, pursuit of knowledge becomes less social and more tech driven
-inhibit knowledge acquisitions
-interaction with others has inherently changed - correct answer ✔✔How have recent changes in culture
affected the social experiences of preadolescents today?
Subculture children create when they are free from adult supervision - correct answer ✔✔Peer culture
Group with distinct behaviors, beliefs, and physical spaces that differentiate them from a larger culture -
correct answer ✔✔Subculture
-less reliance/tolerance for adult supervision or authority
-need for personal privacy (from parents)
-having the right artifacts (wearing the right clothes, cursing/language/slang, music, extracurriculars) -
correct answer ✔✔What distinct behaviors and rules regulate the peer culture?
-recess/play ground/parks/cafeteria
-peer mediation
-bus
-neighborhood
-social media
-texting - correct answer ✔✔What are the "physical spaces" that make up the peer culture?
40% - correct answer ✔✔% of time spent with peers in preadolescence
Attacking someone's status within the group socially, excluding, gossiping - correct answer ✔✔Relational
aggression
-longitudinal study, first collecting when students are in 5th grade; studying peer relationships
, -measured on: do you have atleast one close friend or not?
-collected data from covariates
-overall adult adjustment- at age 23 years looked at work competence, if students were still in school,
how they were doing in school, how active they were socially, their self-worth, and depressive symptoms
-peer rejection outcomes- being rejected in 5th grade leads to lower school performance, lower work
competence and less social activity
-friendness outcomes- having close friend lead to higher feelings of self-worth in 20s and lower levels of
depressive symptoms
-conclusion: shows the importance of peer interactions when children are younger - correct answer
✔✔Bagwell et. al (1998)
Stable, voluntary friendship groups of 3-9 same-sex children (over 9=crowd) - correct answer ✔✔Clique
-parents who are more likely to get divorced are more impulsive
-if parents aren't important, who is ? -PEERS, GENETICS
-twin studies suggest about adult personality that genes and non-shared environment shapes
personality, not parents - correct answer ✔✔"The Parent Trap"
-Judy Rich Harris
-personality differences are created by genetics
-parental influence does not have a lasting impact on adult personality
-context-specific socialization: changing behavior in different settings
-sources of socialization outside the home need to belong - correct answer ✔✔Group Socialization
Theory
-behavioral genetics
-twin study findings- identical twins who were separated at birth vs. identical twins raised together
-within a given community, you could take the parents of each household, mix them up and kills will
grow up to be same as they would with their real parents - correct answer ✔✔What type of research
(and specific findings) spurred Harris to create her theory? How do the findings support Harris' theory?
-genes 40-50%
