MCB Exam #2 questions with answers

MCB Exam #2 questions with answers What are the parts of a triglycerol - ANSWERS Glycerol + 3 fatty acids Why are fatty acids called "acids" - ANSWERS Because one end has a carboxyl group What links the glycerol to the fatty acids - ANSWERS An ester linkage What is a saturated fatty acid - ANSWERS Consists of all single bonds between carbons What is an unsaturated fatty acid - ANSWERS Has at least one multiple bond between carbons What does monounsaturated mean - ANSWERS Only one double bond What does polyunsaturated mean - ANSWERS More than one double bond Which type of lipid is liquid at room temperature - ANSWERS Unsaturated fats (oils) Which type of lipid is solid at room temperature - ANSWERS Saturated fats What is the process called that turns multiple bonds into single bonds (unsaturated ---> saturated fatty acid) - ANSWERS hydrogenation Are lipids polar or nonpolar - ANSWERS Nonpolar Functions of lipids - ANSWERS Long term energy storage (2x energy by weight of carbs), cushioning for organs, and insulation Do lipids perform a structural function - ANSWERS No Three parts of an amino acid - ANSWERS Amine group, R-group, and carboxyl group (all connected to central carbon) What is special about the amino acid methionine - ANSWERS Is the first amino acid in the primary structure for every polypeptide/protein How many amino acids are there - ANSWERS 20 How many amino acids do humans "need" - ANSWERS 9 Which is the polymer/monomer for proteins - ANSWERS Monomer: amino acids Polymer: protein What differentiates the different amino acids - ANSWERS Their R-group Three different kinds of R-groups - ANSWERS 1. Polar uncharged 2. Charged 3. Nonpolar (includes aromatics) Which R-groups are hydrophilic - ANSWERS Polar uncharged and charged Which R-groups are hydrophobic - ANSWERS Just the nonpolar ones What's the covalent bond called that joins together two amino acids - ANSWERS Peptide bond What is the starting point of an amino acid