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visceral vs somatic pain visceral: more difficult to localize
somatic: well localized, pinpoint pain
referred pain pain that is opposite to the site of the problem
Kehr's sign referred pain to left shoulder
sign of ruptured spleen
peritonitis inflammation of the peritoneum caused by bacterial infection (puncture of
hollow organ)
it can also result from effect of bleeding in peritoneal cavity
what can cause dehydration? fluid loss: vomiting, diarrhea, poor oral intake,
malabsorption of water in large intestine
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body's reaction to dehydration + s/s fluid loss increases - body keeps shifting water into
interstitial space to maintain vascular volume to perfuse to organs - it cannot keep up and bodys
s/s: thirst, hypotension, electrolyte imbalance can lead to high or low sodium in body
melena Black tarry stool
esophagus bleeding causes inflammation
varices
tears (mallory weiss)
cancer
dilated veins (cirrhosis)
stomach + small intestine bleeding causes ulcers
cancer
inflammation
large intestine bleeding causes infections
inflammation
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colorectal polyps
colorectal cancer
diverticulitis disease
hematemesis Vomit with blood; can either look like coffee grounds, indicating the
presence of partially digested blood, OR contain bright-red blood, indicating active bleeding.
hematochezia bright red blood in stool
bowel habits and how they can relate to GI issues food-borne illnesses: worst for very old
and very young people, often causes people to have vomiting and diarrhea
constipation: severe pain and discomfort for pts, can result from medication, opioids, lack of
physical activity, it can be acute or chronic
bowel obstructions: peristalsis stops working - intestines and esophagus rhythms to help food
move = intestines get all twisted up