BIOS 251 Week 1: Master Homeostatic Control – Download now and secure that A+!

BIOS 251 Week 1: Master Homeostatic Control – Download now and secure that A+! Learning Objectives: OL Lab 1: Homeostatic Control How does the human body keep itself in balance? • List some of the main physiological variables under homeostatic control • Employ appropriate vocabulary to discuss the processes and concepts of homeostasis • Explain the steps in a homeostatic pathway from stimulus to response • Compare different types of feedback loops • Identify signs of homeostatic disruption and determine the underlying mechanism Introduction: The human body is a very complex combination of finely-tuned machinery. Every organ system is dependent on the other to carry out its physiological functions along with maintaining an internal equilibrium. Homeostasis is the ability of the body to maintain an internal balance to in the body. So how does it always keep everything in balance? In this simulation, you will learn about the underlying regulatory workflow involved in the homeostatic process, through the examples of body temperature, blood pressure, and blood sugar regulation. Observe homeostasis in action You will test different settings on our virtual volunteer, Phineas. You will observe and analyze how the body reacts to the various stimuli such as changes in temperature, heart rate, and blood glucose levels in the body. Using a 3D model of the human body, you will be able to apply one or more stimuli on the test subject, to observe an immediate visible impact on physiological variables. From your observations, you will identify the sensors detecting the stimuli, the control center processing them, and the effectors acting to counter them on Phineas’ body. Finally, you will interpret the resulting changes in those variables to explain the homeostatic phenomenon. Part 1: Complete Labster Homeostatic Control Part 2: Report and Reflection Purpose: Describe in your own words and in complete sentences, the purpose of this experiment. The purpose of the lab is to define homeostasis and how it is maintaining balance in the body. Some examples include blood pressure, blood sugar, and body temperature to support the main idea of homeostasis. Overall, there are many different kinds of regulatory pathways that work together to maintain homeostasis in the body and ensure that the body works in its optimal best. Observations: List 2 observations you have made in this simulation. 1. If one of the system's equilibrium is thrown off and not returned to the normal range, the feedback loop will be a positive feedback loop. The positive feedback loop is represented as a loop where more of a specific action will continue until it is no longer needed. 2. Positive Feedback rarely occurs in the body since the body has many processes that require negative feedback loops. Questions 1. Why is it essential to have maintained homeostasis? (1 point) a. Homeostasis is defined as equilibrium of opposing states ensuring a balance of both states. It is essential to the body because the body can only function in certain environment physically and internally. For instance, the body can only function in body temperature 37 degree Celsius and if the surrounding and/or internal temperature changes and cannot return to that temperature, the body would be thrown off the balance and one by one systems would shut down. 2. Provide an example of positive feedback mechanism and identify the stimuli, the central processing unit and the effectors involved in the pathway. (2 points) a. One example is Blood Clotting. When there is a CUT (Stimuli), the nerve contracts (sensor) to alert Platelets (Effectors) to rush to the site, and when more platelets are needed, it releases chemicals to glycoprotein receptors (control center) to activate more platelets. It will stop production when the receptors stop receiving the chemical signals for more platelets. 3. In the simulation, what were the organs involved in homeostatic control? (2 points) The ones that were talked about in the stimulation is Negative feedback loop where the body wants to bring the stimulus back into equilibrium. a. Glucose levels i. Pancreas – Releases insulin to allow sugar into the cels ii. Liver – let sugar into the reserves or releases glucagon to rasie sugar levels iii. Cells in every parts of the body- Receiving the sugar for energy b. Body Temperature i. Nerve cells in the brain and skin detect the change ii. Brain sends out messages to the rest of the body iii. Nerves goes near the skin if cold and away if hot iv. Sweat Glands to sweat out when it gets to hot 4. Using the figure below identify the abdominopelvic regions (5 points) 1. Reflection: Reflect on at least 2 key concepts you have learned from this simulation. How would you relate it to the physiological functions of the body? a. 2 Key concepts i. In every pathway, some sensors measure the stimuli and send a signal to a control center in that pathway, which sends effectors to counter-act the situation. ii. The positive feedback loop is uncommon in humans, as the effectors would keep going to the area and can disrupt the stability so, therefore, a negative feedback loop is required to sustain the internal equilibrium. The physiological functions of the body only operate on specific levels of stability, and if the homeostasis is being disturbed, then the body would shut down. In other words, if the equilibrium is thrown off and the sensors, the control, or the effectors don't work, then the physiological functions would struggle to operate as it is not able to work in the conditions that it is outside of the optimal field. The Positive Feedback Loop does not maintain homeostasis since it only go in one direction like the platelets that go and stop the bleeding and the body would need to have more, so if it was the main feedback loop, then the body won’t be able to function at all. Grading Rubric: Activity Deliverable Points Part 1 Complete simulation 15 Part 2 Complete lab report and answer questions • Purpose (1 point) • Observation (2 points) • Questions (10 points) • Reflection (2 points) 15