68W LIMITED PRIMARY CARE
Administering an intramuscular injection - ANSWERS-- select and expose injection
site
- clean the injection site with an alcohol prep pad
- form a fold of skin at the injection site by gently pinching the skin
- hold syringe in the dominant hand between the thumb and index finger and
position the needle bevel up at a 90 degree angle to the skin surface
- plunge the needle firmly and quickly into the muscle
- release hold on the skin with the non-dominant hand
- aspirate by pulling back slightly on the plunger of the syringe
- inject the medication using a slow and continuous movement
- DO NOT RECAP THE NEEDLE
,- monitor the patient for at least 20 minutes for adverse reactions
Pharmacology - ANSWERS-
Antibiotics - ANSWERS-antibiotics are chemical compounds that inhibits or kills
the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and protozoa
Indications - treat or prevent bacterial infections
Contraindications - allergy against a specific type of antibiotic such as penicillin
Note: finish the medication even if you feel better and do not use someone else's
prescription
Categories of Antibiotics - ANSWERS-Broad spectrum antibiotic - effective against
a wide range of microorganism
Narrow spectrum antibiotic - effective against only a few microorganisms
note: Both may be used to prevent or treat infections prior to surgery
Topical Antibiotics - antibiotics are applied to the skin
,Oral antibiotics - patient will be required to take medication over a period of time,
usually 7 to 10 days
Intravenous (IV) antibiotics - used for severe illness and injury when the patient
cannot tolerate oral antibiotics
Advantages of Topical Antibiotics - ANSWERS-- less invasive
- easy to use
- can apply to mucous membranes of conjunctiva and nasopharynx
- absorption through mucous membranes is very rapid
examples include neosporin and bacitracin
Advantages and disadvantages of oral antibiotics - ANSWERS-Advantages:
- oldest method of drug administration
- safest
- most convenient
- most economical
- east to give
Disadvantages:
- vomiting as a result of irritation to the GI mucosa
, - requires a cooperative patient
- slow absorption rate
examples include levofloxacin and septra
Advantages and disadvantages of IV antibiotics - ANSWERS-Advantages:
- absorption is more rapid and predictable which makes it good for emergencies
- great for patients who are unconscious or uncooperative
Disadvantages:
- harder to administer
- patient's fear of needles
- some antibiotics can cause necrosis
- allergic reactions occur quickly and more severely
Examples include ancef and ertapenem
Antifungals - ANSWERS-an antifungal medication is a fungicide used to prevent
and/or treat fungal infections known as mycoses
the infection can affect either the superficial, cutaneous, or subcutaneous areas
of skin
Administering an intramuscular injection - ANSWERS-- select and expose injection
site
- clean the injection site with an alcohol prep pad
- form a fold of skin at the injection site by gently pinching the skin
- hold syringe in the dominant hand between the thumb and index finger and
position the needle bevel up at a 90 degree angle to the skin surface
- plunge the needle firmly and quickly into the muscle
- release hold on the skin with the non-dominant hand
- aspirate by pulling back slightly on the plunger of the syringe
- inject the medication using a slow and continuous movement
- DO NOT RECAP THE NEEDLE
,- monitor the patient for at least 20 minutes for adverse reactions
Pharmacology - ANSWERS-
Antibiotics - ANSWERS-antibiotics are chemical compounds that inhibits or kills
the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and protozoa
Indications - treat or prevent bacterial infections
Contraindications - allergy against a specific type of antibiotic such as penicillin
Note: finish the medication even if you feel better and do not use someone else's
prescription
Categories of Antibiotics - ANSWERS-Broad spectrum antibiotic - effective against
a wide range of microorganism
Narrow spectrum antibiotic - effective against only a few microorganisms
note: Both may be used to prevent or treat infections prior to surgery
Topical Antibiotics - antibiotics are applied to the skin
,Oral antibiotics - patient will be required to take medication over a period of time,
usually 7 to 10 days
Intravenous (IV) antibiotics - used for severe illness and injury when the patient
cannot tolerate oral antibiotics
Advantages of Topical Antibiotics - ANSWERS-- less invasive
- easy to use
- can apply to mucous membranes of conjunctiva and nasopharynx
- absorption through mucous membranes is very rapid
examples include neosporin and bacitracin
Advantages and disadvantages of oral antibiotics - ANSWERS-Advantages:
- oldest method of drug administration
- safest
- most convenient
- most economical
- east to give
Disadvantages:
- vomiting as a result of irritation to the GI mucosa
, - requires a cooperative patient
- slow absorption rate
examples include levofloxacin and septra
Advantages and disadvantages of IV antibiotics - ANSWERS-Advantages:
- absorption is more rapid and predictable which makes it good for emergencies
- great for patients who are unconscious or uncooperative
Disadvantages:
- harder to administer
- patient's fear of needles
- some antibiotics can cause necrosis
- allergic reactions occur quickly and more severely
Examples include ancef and ertapenem
Antifungals - ANSWERS-an antifungal medication is a fungicide used to prevent
and/or treat fungal infections known as mycoses
the infection can affect either the superficial, cutaneous, or subcutaneous areas
of skin
