NURS 487 Final Exam Questions And
100% Correct Answers A+ Graded
What is an indicator/symptom that shock is progressing? -ANSWER In early septic
shock, the patient's skin is warm and dry. Cool and clammy skin indicates an
advancement in the progression of shock.
neurogenic shock -ANSER Circulatory failure due to paralysis of the nerves that govern
the size of blood vessels causing widespread dilation; seen in patients with spinal cord
injuries.
What are the hallmark symptoms of Neurogenic shock? - ANSWER hypotension and
bradycardia.
What are four of the manifestations of septic shock? - ANSWER - Increased cardiac
output
- warm, flushed skin
- fever and chills
- vasodilation
What is a symptom in anaphylactic shock? - ANSWER Angioneurotic edema.
What is one of the hallmark symptoms of ARDS? - ANSWER hypoxemia.
What is MODS (multiple organ dysfunction syndrome) - ANSWER progressive
dysfunction of two or more organ systems due to pro-inflammatory state such as SIRS
or Septic shock
,What is a sign that this client is going from cardiogenic shock into MODS? - ANSWER
The elevated serum creatinine level indicates that the client has renal failure in addition
to his heart failure.
What are some symptoms of cardiogenic shock? - ANS Crackles, chest pressure, and
cool extremities are all consistent with cardiogenic shock.
What symptoms are suggestive of ARDS? - ANS Septicemia and laboured breathing
suggest the onset of ARDS
What is the purpose of prone positioning? - ANS to improve the client's oxygenation as
reflected by the PaO2 and SaO2.
What is intracellular fluid? - ANS fluid inside the cell
What is extravascular fluid? -ANSWER fluid outside the cell
What is intravascular fluid? -ANSWER Fluid WITHIN the blood vessels
What is interstitial fluid? -ANSWER Fluid BETWEEN the cells or in the tissues
What is edema? (patho/ steps) -ANSWER The accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces.
- 1. increase in capillary permeability
- 2. increase in loss of fluid and protein
- 3. decreased capillary oncotic pressure
- 4. =EDEMA
What follows sodium? - ANSWER CHLORIDE & H2O FOLLOWS SODIUM
, What is the function of sodium? - ANSWER 90% of the ECF, works with K+ and Ca++ to
conduct nerve impulses and maintain acid-base balance and membrane transport
Sodium - is it a cation or anion, ECF or ICF, what is its controller/ regulators? Functions?
- ANSWER - major ECF cation
- controlled by the kidneys/ aldosterone
- functions: neuromuscular irritability, acid-base balance, membrane transport
What is the function of chloride? cation or anion, ECF or ICF, functions - ANSWER -
Major ECF anion
- electroneutrality
What is renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system? steps, overall effect - ANSWER - Body's
response to low BP/ BV
1. ADH is released from posterior pituitary
2. ADH + Renin = angiotensin I
3. ACE + angiotensin I = angiotensin II
4. Aldosterone & ADH are increased
***OVERALL: increased extracellular fluid/ increased blood volume, increase blood
pressure, vasoconstriction, increased sodium and water retention
What happens when a hypotonic solution is administered?-ANSWER When a hypotonic
solution is administered it puts more water in the serum than is found inside the cells.
Due to this water moves into the cells and the cells swell.
What is a hypotonic solution? (purpose, when is it used, who should you not give it to?) -
ANSWER - Fluid goes into the cell
- for patients in DKA or hyperosmolar hyperglycemia.
100% Correct Answers A+ Graded
What is an indicator/symptom that shock is progressing? -ANSWER In early septic
shock, the patient's skin is warm and dry. Cool and clammy skin indicates an
advancement in the progression of shock.
neurogenic shock -ANSER Circulatory failure due to paralysis of the nerves that govern
the size of blood vessels causing widespread dilation; seen in patients with spinal cord
injuries.
What are the hallmark symptoms of Neurogenic shock? - ANSWER hypotension and
bradycardia.
What are four of the manifestations of septic shock? - ANSWER - Increased cardiac
output
- warm, flushed skin
- fever and chills
- vasodilation
What is a symptom in anaphylactic shock? - ANSWER Angioneurotic edema.
What is one of the hallmark symptoms of ARDS? - ANSWER hypoxemia.
What is MODS (multiple organ dysfunction syndrome) - ANSWER progressive
dysfunction of two or more organ systems due to pro-inflammatory state such as SIRS
or Septic shock
,What is a sign that this client is going from cardiogenic shock into MODS? - ANSWER
The elevated serum creatinine level indicates that the client has renal failure in addition
to his heart failure.
What are some symptoms of cardiogenic shock? - ANS Crackles, chest pressure, and
cool extremities are all consistent with cardiogenic shock.
What symptoms are suggestive of ARDS? - ANS Septicemia and laboured breathing
suggest the onset of ARDS
What is the purpose of prone positioning? - ANS to improve the client's oxygenation as
reflected by the PaO2 and SaO2.
What is intracellular fluid? - ANS fluid inside the cell
What is extravascular fluid? -ANSWER fluid outside the cell
What is intravascular fluid? -ANSWER Fluid WITHIN the blood vessels
What is interstitial fluid? -ANSWER Fluid BETWEEN the cells or in the tissues
What is edema? (patho/ steps) -ANSWER The accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces.
- 1. increase in capillary permeability
- 2. increase in loss of fluid and protein
- 3. decreased capillary oncotic pressure
- 4. =EDEMA
What follows sodium? - ANSWER CHLORIDE & H2O FOLLOWS SODIUM
, What is the function of sodium? - ANSWER 90% of the ECF, works with K+ and Ca++ to
conduct nerve impulses and maintain acid-base balance and membrane transport
Sodium - is it a cation or anion, ECF or ICF, what is its controller/ regulators? Functions?
- ANSWER - major ECF cation
- controlled by the kidneys/ aldosterone
- functions: neuromuscular irritability, acid-base balance, membrane transport
What is the function of chloride? cation or anion, ECF or ICF, functions - ANSWER -
Major ECF anion
- electroneutrality
What is renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system? steps, overall effect - ANSWER - Body's
response to low BP/ BV
1. ADH is released from posterior pituitary
2. ADH + Renin = angiotensin I
3. ACE + angiotensin I = angiotensin II
4. Aldosterone & ADH are increased
***OVERALL: increased extracellular fluid/ increased blood volume, increase blood
pressure, vasoconstriction, increased sodium and water retention
What happens when a hypotonic solution is administered?-ANSWER When a hypotonic
solution is administered it puts more water in the serum than is found inside the cells.
Due to this water moves into the cells and the cells swell.
What is a hypotonic solution? (purpose, when is it used, who should you not give it to?) -
ANSWER - Fluid goes into the cell
- for patients in DKA or hyperosmolar hyperglycemia.
