GISP Practice Test Questions and Solutions

Data exploration Data-centered query and analysis Dynamic Segmentations A data model that allows the use of linearly measured data on a coordinate system Georelational data model A vector data model that uses a split system to store geometries and attributes GeoSpatial data Data that describes both the locations and characteristics of spatial features on the earth surface Object-based data model A data model that uses objects to organize spatial data and stores geometries and attributes in a single system Raster data model A data model that uses a grid and cells to represent the spatial variation of a feature Relational Database A collection of tables in which tables are connected to one another by keys Topology A subfield of mathematics that when applied to GIS, ensures that the spatial relationships between features are expressed explicitly Triangulated irregular network (TIN) Composite vector data that approximate the terrain with a set of nonoverlapping triangles Vector data model A spatial data model that uses points and their x y coordinates to construct spatial features of points, lines and polygons Azimuthal Projection One type of map projection that retains certain accurate directions. Azimuthal also refers to one type of map projection that uses a plane as the projection surface Central lines The central parallel and the central meridian. Together, they define the center or the origin of a map projection Clarke 1866 A ground-measured ellipsoid, which is the basis for the North American Datum of 1927 (NAD27) Conformal projection One type of map projection that preserves local shapes Conic Projection One type of map projection that uses a cone as the projection surface Cylindrical Projection One type of map projection that uses a cylinder as the projection surface Datum The basis for calculating the geographic coordinates of a location. An ellipsoid is a required input to the derivation of a datum Datum shift A change from one datum to another, such as from NAD27 to NAD83, which can result in substantial horizontal shifts of point positions Decimal degrees (DD) system A measurement system for long and lat values such as 42.5 Degrees minutes seconds A measurement system for long and lat values such as 42 30' 00", in which 1 degree equals 60 minutes and 1 minute equals 60 seconds Ellipsoid A model that approximates the earth, ALSO called spheroid Equidistant projection One type of map projection that represents areas in correct relative size