Nursing Pathophysiology Final
Which manifestations is the nurse likely to assess in a patient with stimulating effects of acute
stress? - ANSIncreased blood glucose levels, pupil dilation
The nurse is teaching a community class on risk factors for heart disease. Which fact should be
included about the effects of stress on the heart? - ANSHostility and anxiety are risk factors for
heart disease
The nurse should expect to observe which behavior in a patient with PTSD? -
ANSHypervigilance
The occupational health nurse is teaching industrial plant employees about the routes of
exposure for chemicals used in the plant. The nurse bases the program on the knowledge that
the main route of occupational exposure is: - ANSInhalation
The nurse is reviewing literature to determine the death rate due to cardiovascular disease in
the US. The nurse understands that the information he is seeking indicates: - ANSMortality
Which assessment data will give the nurse the best information to determine exposure to
environmental hazards? - ANSHealth history
When planning care for a trauma patient, which statement does the nurse understand best
describes the body's response to stress? - ANSThe stress response is the result of stimulation
of the sympathetic nervous system
The patient with chronic stress is likely to exhibit which immune response? - ANSSuppressed
delayed-type hypersensitivity responses
A patient has been diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The nurse explains to the
patient that idiopathic means: - ANSThe cause is unknown
The nurse is teaching a prenatal class to prospective parents. Which route of exposure does the
nurse teach is involved in the development of fetal alcohol syndrome? - ANSTransplacental
Using a transactional approach to stress, the nurse recognizes that a person's response to
stress depends on: - ANSThe person's perceived meaning of the stressful event
When teaching a patient about risk factors for heart disease, the nurse should explain that: -
ANSThe presence of a risk factor increases the chance of developing heart disease
,Which pathophysiological concept should the nurse consider when developing a plan of care for
a patient with myocardial ischemia? - ANSThere is a decrease in the amount of oxygen and
glucose reaching the myocardium
Which of the following statements describes the role of a nurse involved in epidemiology? -
ANSThe nurse studies the distribution of disease in a population
The nurse in the student health center is counseling a college student who reports high levels of
stress before each exam, causing his heart to race and affecting his ability to concentrate. The
nurse assesses that this student is in which stage of the general adaptation syndrome during an
exam? - ANSStage of alarm
Which concept does the nurse use when explaining the inheritance of genetic disorders to a
couple beginning to think about starting a family? - ANSA person inherits one chromosome from
a chromosome pair from each parent
Which manifestation would the nurse expect to find in a child with Down syndrome? - ANSWide,
short hands and fingers
When developing a care plan for a patient with asthma, the nurse needs to understand which
pathophysiological subconcept? - ANSInflammation
The plan of care for a woman newly diagnosed with a BRCA1 mutation should include which
strategy? - ANSA recommendation for enhanced screening for breast and ovarian cancer
Which statement indicates that an individual with an autosomal recessive disorder understands
its pattern of inheritance? - ANSA carrier will not express the trait
During report, the nurse learns that a patient has a Trousseau sign. The nurse would also
expect this patient to exhibit: - ANSTetany
When reviewing the laboratory values of a patient, which value would prompt the nurse to notify
the physician? - ANSSerum potassium 3.0 mEq/L
The nurse is caring for a client with renal failure, contributing to acid-base balance issues. What
is the role of the kidneys in acid-base balance? - ANSRegulate the release of bicarbonate
Which response by a patient with hypoparathyroidism would indicate a positive Chvostek sign? -
ANSA twitch of the lip on the ipsilateral side
Which assessment finding would alert the nurse that the patient who is vomiting has developed
hypochloremia? - ANSSlow, shallow respirations
, Which manifestation would the nurse expect to find in a patient with fluid volume deficit? -
ANSPostural hypotension
The nurse cares for a client with an acid-base imbalance. Which electrolyte imbalance will most
likely cause respiratory acidosis? - ANSHypokalemia
The nurse receives a client's arterial blood gas pH result of 7.27. Which change in potassium
does the nurse anticipate that this client will have? - ANSHyperkalemia
The nurse cares for a critically ill client with a severe acid-base imbalance. When reviewing the
client's anion gap, which additional laboratory value does the nurse recognize may skew the
anion gap results? - ANSAlbumin
The nurse is caring for a client with uncompensated respiratory acidosis. Which acid-base
findings will the nurse anticipate? - ANSpH 7.29
HCO3 23 mmoL/L
PaCO2 50 mmHg
When a patient with hypoparathyroidism reports numbness and tingling, the nurse should
suspect which electrolyte imbalance? - ANSHypocalcemia
The nurse notes that a patient's serum phosphorus level is 6.1 mg/dL. Which disorder is most
likely responsible for this phosphorus level? - ANSChronic renal failure
The nurse is reviewing the ABG results of a client. When comparing various components of the
ABG, which statement does the nurse recognize is true? - ANSThe lower the pH, the higher the
H+ concentration
Which early clinical manifestation should the nurse expect in a client with hypernatremia? -
ANSThirst
The nurse is caring for a client with acute respiratory acidosis and notes the client's rate and
depth of breathing are increased. What is the nurse's understanding of the cause of this finding?
- ANSRespiratory muscles increase the force of contraction with excess hydrogen levels in the
blood.
When assessing a patient with metabolic acidosis, which concept should the nurse keep in
mind? - ANSThe kidney response is to retain HCO3-
An older adult client presents to the emergency room with a severe acid-base imbalance after
taking "cold medicine" for a week. The client has a history of arthritis and reports daily use of
aspirin. Which late effect acid-base imbalance does the nurse suspect the client is
experiencing? - ANSMetabolic acidosis
Which manifestations is the nurse likely to assess in a patient with stimulating effects of acute
stress? - ANSIncreased blood glucose levels, pupil dilation
The nurse is teaching a community class on risk factors for heart disease. Which fact should be
included about the effects of stress on the heart? - ANSHostility and anxiety are risk factors for
heart disease
The nurse should expect to observe which behavior in a patient with PTSD? -
ANSHypervigilance
The occupational health nurse is teaching industrial plant employees about the routes of
exposure for chemicals used in the plant. The nurse bases the program on the knowledge that
the main route of occupational exposure is: - ANSInhalation
The nurse is reviewing literature to determine the death rate due to cardiovascular disease in
the US. The nurse understands that the information he is seeking indicates: - ANSMortality
Which assessment data will give the nurse the best information to determine exposure to
environmental hazards? - ANSHealth history
When planning care for a trauma patient, which statement does the nurse understand best
describes the body's response to stress? - ANSThe stress response is the result of stimulation
of the sympathetic nervous system
The patient with chronic stress is likely to exhibit which immune response? - ANSSuppressed
delayed-type hypersensitivity responses
A patient has been diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The nurse explains to the
patient that idiopathic means: - ANSThe cause is unknown
The nurse is teaching a prenatal class to prospective parents. Which route of exposure does the
nurse teach is involved in the development of fetal alcohol syndrome? - ANSTransplacental
Using a transactional approach to stress, the nurse recognizes that a person's response to
stress depends on: - ANSThe person's perceived meaning of the stressful event
When teaching a patient about risk factors for heart disease, the nurse should explain that: -
ANSThe presence of a risk factor increases the chance of developing heart disease
,Which pathophysiological concept should the nurse consider when developing a plan of care for
a patient with myocardial ischemia? - ANSThere is a decrease in the amount of oxygen and
glucose reaching the myocardium
Which of the following statements describes the role of a nurse involved in epidemiology? -
ANSThe nurse studies the distribution of disease in a population
The nurse in the student health center is counseling a college student who reports high levels of
stress before each exam, causing his heart to race and affecting his ability to concentrate. The
nurse assesses that this student is in which stage of the general adaptation syndrome during an
exam? - ANSStage of alarm
Which concept does the nurse use when explaining the inheritance of genetic disorders to a
couple beginning to think about starting a family? - ANSA person inherits one chromosome from
a chromosome pair from each parent
Which manifestation would the nurse expect to find in a child with Down syndrome? - ANSWide,
short hands and fingers
When developing a care plan for a patient with asthma, the nurse needs to understand which
pathophysiological subconcept? - ANSInflammation
The plan of care for a woman newly diagnosed with a BRCA1 mutation should include which
strategy? - ANSA recommendation for enhanced screening for breast and ovarian cancer
Which statement indicates that an individual with an autosomal recessive disorder understands
its pattern of inheritance? - ANSA carrier will not express the trait
During report, the nurse learns that a patient has a Trousseau sign. The nurse would also
expect this patient to exhibit: - ANSTetany
When reviewing the laboratory values of a patient, which value would prompt the nurse to notify
the physician? - ANSSerum potassium 3.0 mEq/L
The nurse is caring for a client with renal failure, contributing to acid-base balance issues. What
is the role of the kidneys in acid-base balance? - ANSRegulate the release of bicarbonate
Which response by a patient with hypoparathyroidism would indicate a positive Chvostek sign? -
ANSA twitch of the lip on the ipsilateral side
Which assessment finding would alert the nurse that the patient who is vomiting has developed
hypochloremia? - ANSSlow, shallow respirations
, Which manifestation would the nurse expect to find in a patient with fluid volume deficit? -
ANSPostural hypotension
The nurse cares for a client with an acid-base imbalance. Which electrolyte imbalance will most
likely cause respiratory acidosis? - ANSHypokalemia
The nurse receives a client's arterial blood gas pH result of 7.27. Which change in potassium
does the nurse anticipate that this client will have? - ANSHyperkalemia
The nurse cares for a critically ill client with a severe acid-base imbalance. When reviewing the
client's anion gap, which additional laboratory value does the nurse recognize may skew the
anion gap results? - ANSAlbumin
The nurse is caring for a client with uncompensated respiratory acidosis. Which acid-base
findings will the nurse anticipate? - ANSpH 7.29
HCO3 23 mmoL/L
PaCO2 50 mmHg
When a patient with hypoparathyroidism reports numbness and tingling, the nurse should
suspect which electrolyte imbalance? - ANSHypocalcemia
The nurse notes that a patient's serum phosphorus level is 6.1 mg/dL. Which disorder is most
likely responsible for this phosphorus level? - ANSChronic renal failure
The nurse is reviewing the ABG results of a client. When comparing various components of the
ABG, which statement does the nurse recognize is true? - ANSThe lower the pH, the higher the
H+ concentration
Which early clinical manifestation should the nurse expect in a client with hypernatremia? -
ANSThirst
The nurse is caring for a client with acute respiratory acidosis and notes the client's rate and
depth of breathing are increased. What is the nurse's understanding of the cause of this finding?
- ANSRespiratory muscles increase the force of contraction with excess hydrogen levels in the
blood.
When assessing a patient with metabolic acidosis, which concept should the nurse keep in
mind? - ANSThe kidney response is to retain HCO3-
An older adult client presents to the emergency room with a severe acid-base imbalance after
taking "cold medicine" for a week. The client has a history of arthritis and reports daily use of
aspirin. Which late effect acid-base imbalance does the nurse suspect the client is
experiencing? - ANSMetabolic acidosis
