Chapter 3 For Microbiology Detailed With Correct Answers Verified 100%.

• Metabolically active vegetative cells can undergo - correct answers sporulation when environmental conditions become challenging •Bacteria move in response to chemical signals - correct answers (chemotaxis) → Positive (moving towards) vs. Negative (moving away from) •Cells of one species may vary in shape and size - correct answers This is pleomorphism caused by variations in cell wall structure •DNA is aggregated in a dense area of the cell called the - correct answers nucleoid (No nucleus, no nuclear membrane) •DNA of most bacteria exists in the form of a single circular - correct answers bacterial chromosome •Fimbriae - correct answers Small, bristle-like fibers used for attachment •Most bacterial cells possess - correct answers cell wall glycocalyx (surface coating) •Most prokaryotes (talking primarily about bacteria) exist as unicellular organisms - correct answers Sometimes they can act as a group, in colonies or in biofilms (communicating with one another via chemicals that cause the, to behave differently than if they were living singly) - Also capable of communicating nanotubes or nanowires (appendages used for transferring electrons or other substances) •Receptors bind extracellular molecules, which triggers flagellum to - correct answers rotate •Runs - correct answers Smooth linear movement toward a stimulus •The actual "fuel" for the flagellum to turn is a gradient of protons (hydrogen ions) that are generated by the metabolism of the bacterium and that bind to an detach from parts of the flagellar - correct answers motor •Tumbles - correct answers Flagellar rotation reverses, causing the cell to stop and change its course