SPEA- V 185 EXAM 1 Study Guide Questions And Answers Latest Updates

What are the two dimensions of "publicness" identified by Bozeman? Be prepared to use these two dimensions to compare and contrast different organizations. - ️️1.Economic Authority: Extent to which an organization competes in the marketplace for revenues. - High economic authority = less public - Low economic authority = more public 2.Political Authority - Degree to which an organization is constrained by government rules and regulations - High political authority = more public - Low political authority = less public What is a free-rider? Be able to identify from a list of examples. - ️️A free -rider is a person who does not pay their fair share but still benefits. Ex: A sailor benefiting from a lighthouse not built by or paid for by him. Define and identify the four major components of the scientific method. - ️️- TheorySome basic understanding of things that help us simply and explain complex relationships - Operationalization- how to turn abstract concepts into something tangible/ meaningful? - Observation-How to measure? - Analysis- How to demonstrate a casualty or pattern. (look at the data and see if theory is correct or incorrect) What is public management? - ️️Public management refers to the people responsible for running a public organization and the actual process and strategic combination of resources. What is public policy? - ️️Public policy is the action (or inaction) of the government with regard to a particular issue or set of issues. What is bureaucracy? What are the strengths and weaknesses of this organizational form? - ️️bureaucracy is specific form of organization defined by complexity, division of labour, permanence, professional management, hierarchical coordination and control, steric chain of command- It is distinguished from informal and collegial organizations. In its ideal form, bureaucracy is impersonal and rational and based on rules rather than ties of kinship, friendship, or patrimonial or charismatic authority. - Bureaucratic organizations can be found in both public and private institutions Describe how the US bureaucracy has grown and developed over time. Be familiar with the major events on the timeline. - ️️-The US Bureaucracy originally understood as an extension of the Executive Branch's responsibility to execute law and protect the constitution - Now largely viewed as a distinct branch that answers to a variety of political stakeholders - : Patronage and the "Spoils System" - 1860s early Increasing complexity of society (and growing population and geographic size) called for larger role of government - The progressive era () - The Rise of the Administrative State What is a polyarchy? - ️️the government controls means of production and relies heavily on coercive mechanisms of command and control. What is a market? - ️️Markets are where buyers and sellers participate voluntarily. Prices are determined based on the amount that people are willing to pay, sellers must compete to produce high quality goods for less $. How are these two economic structures (polyarchy and market) used in the United States? - ️️The US has a mixed economy. Some goods are produced primarily via markets and private sector organizations. Others are primarily produced and delivered by government agencies. What is a public good, and what characteristics do these goods have? Be able to identify a public good from a list of examples. How does the classification of goods as public goods relate to the ways that people think about the appropriate role for the government in providing these goods? - ️️A public good is a non-excusable commodity or service that is provided without profit to all members of a society, either by the government or a private individual or organization. Examples include clean air, clean water, and national defense. If you cannot ensure that others won't exploit something, you are more likely to exploit it yourself. Example: pollution.What are market failures? What are the major causes for market failures? - ️️A market failure is when the market is either producing too little or too much of a good or service. What are externalities? Be prepared to identify both positive and negative externalities from a list of examples. - ️️Negative externalities have a negative effect, such as pollution from a factory.