Craven CH 1 - Fundamentals of Nursing 2024
1. Socialization: a process that involves learning theory and skills and
internalizing an identity appropriate to a specific role. (pg 6)
2. Five levels of proficiency when acquiring and developing nursing skills:
Novice, Advanced Beginner, Competent, Proficient, and Expert. Differences in
each level reflect changes in three areas of skill performance. In the first area,
the nurse moves from relying on abstract principles to using concrete
experiences. The second area involves a change from seeing situations in parts
to seeing them more conceptually, or as a whole. Finally, in the third area, the
nurse is no longer outside the situation observing but is directly involved. This
process takes 5 to 10 years after graduation.
3. Florence Nightingale's Definition of Nursing: "the act of utilizing the
environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery."
4. ANA's definition of Nursing: "Nursing is the protection, promotion, and
optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of
suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and
advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations."
5. Common Themes in Nursing: Holism, caring, teaching, advocacy, and
supporting, promoting, maintaining, and restoring health are all components of
nursing practice. Nursing care involves creativity, sensitivity, and applications
based on scientific rationales. All of these components are essential to the
practice, but nurses should not limit themselves to these themes.
6. Practical Nursing Programs: 1 year programs that prepare candidates to
perform technical skills under the supervision of registered nurses (RNs).
Students successfully completing the program requirements may sit for the
licensure examination given by the state board of nursing to become a licensed
practical nurse (LPN) or licensed vocational nurse. LPNs differ from RNs in two
areas: educational preparation and scope of practice.
7. Associate Degree Nursing (ADN) Program: Initially developed in the 1950s
in response to a nursing shortage. Students pursuing this degree attend a
community or junior college for 2 years or more, receiving college credit for all
courses and clinical experiences in nursing. As providers of nursing care, ADNs
use the nursing process to formulate and maintain individualized patient plans
of care. They also teach patients who need information or suport to maintain
health.
8. Nurse Practitioner ****: A nurse with advanced education who has graduated
from an NP program. NPs function with more independence and autonomy than
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, Craven CH 1 - Fundamentals of Nursing 2024
other nurses and are highly skilled at doing nursing assessments, performing
physical examinations, counseling, teaching, and treating health problems.
9. Clinical Nurse Specialist ****: Has advanced experience and expertise in a
specialized area of practice such as gerontology, pediatrics, critical care, or
pulmonary disease. Works in various settings, depending on his or her specialty.
Roles include clinician, educator, manager, consultant, and researcher.
10. Nurse Midwife ****: Has advanced education in nursing and midwifery and, in
the United States, is certified by the American College of Nurse Midwives. These
types of nurses provide independent care for women during normal pregnancy,
labor, and delivery. Nurse midwives also may perform routine Papanicolaou
(Pap) smears and breast examinations and assist patients with family planning.
11. Nurse Anesthetist ****: Provides general anesthesia for patients undergoing
surgery.
12. Nurse Researcher ****: This person is responsible for the continued
development and refinement of nursing knowledge and practice through the
investigation of nursing problems.
13. Nurse Educator ****: Role can be developed in many settings, including
schools of nursing and hospital staff development departments.
14. ANA's (American Nurses Association) Two Lists of Standards ****:
Nursing's professional organization in the United States. It is important because
it sets the standards of practice for nurses (ANA, 2010) and makes decisions
about the functions, activities, and goals of the nursing profession. The
organization is a voice for nurses because it acts on issues and wishes
expressed by its membership. ANA created the standards of practice:
Standards of care and standards of professional performance.
15. Standards of Care (Nursing Process - 6 items): Assessment, Diagnosis,
Outcome Identification, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation. (Outcome
Identification not mentioned during orientation. Only ADPIE.)
16. Assessment: The RN collects comprehensive data pertinent to the patient's
health or situation.
17. Diagnosis: The RN analyzes the assessment data to determine the diagnoses
or issues.
18. Outcome Identification (not mentioned in orientation): The RN identifies
expected outcomes for a plan individualized to the patient or the situation.
19. Planning: The RN develops a plan that prescribes strategies and alternatives
to attain expected outcomes.
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1. Socialization: a process that involves learning theory and skills and
internalizing an identity appropriate to a specific role. (pg 6)
2. Five levels of proficiency when acquiring and developing nursing skills:
Novice, Advanced Beginner, Competent, Proficient, and Expert. Differences in
each level reflect changes in three areas of skill performance. In the first area,
the nurse moves from relying on abstract principles to using concrete
experiences. The second area involves a change from seeing situations in parts
to seeing them more conceptually, or as a whole. Finally, in the third area, the
nurse is no longer outside the situation observing but is directly involved. This
process takes 5 to 10 years after graduation.
3. Florence Nightingale's Definition of Nursing: "the act of utilizing the
environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery."
4. ANA's definition of Nursing: "Nursing is the protection, promotion, and
optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of
suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and
advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations."
5. Common Themes in Nursing: Holism, caring, teaching, advocacy, and
supporting, promoting, maintaining, and restoring health are all components of
nursing practice. Nursing care involves creativity, sensitivity, and applications
based on scientific rationales. All of these components are essential to the
practice, but nurses should not limit themselves to these themes.
6. Practical Nursing Programs: 1 year programs that prepare candidates to
perform technical skills under the supervision of registered nurses (RNs).
Students successfully completing the program requirements may sit for the
licensure examination given by the state board of nursing to become a licensed
practical nurse (LPN) or licensed vocational nurse. LPNs differ from RNs in two
areas: educational preparation and scope of practice.
7. Associate Degree Nursing (ADN) Program: Initially developed in the 1950s
in response to a nursing shortage. Students pursuing this degree attend a
community or junior college for 2 years or more, receiving college credit for all
courses and clinical experiences in nursing. As providers of nursing care, ADNs
use the nursing process to formulate and maintain individualized patient plans
of care. They also teach patients who need information or suport to maintain
health.
8. Nurse Practitioner ****: A nurse with advanced education who has graduated
from an NP program. NPs function with more independence and autonomy than
1/7
, Craven CH 1 - Fundamentals of Nursing 2024
other nurses and are highly skilled at doing nursing assessments, performing
physical examinations, counseling, teaching, and treating health problems.
9. Clinical Nurse Specialist ****: Has advanced experience and expertise in a
specialized area of practice such as gerontology, pediatrics, critical care, or
pulmonary disease. Works in various settings, depending on his or her specialty.
Roles include clinician, educator, manager, consultant, and researcher.
10. Nurse Midwife ****: Has advanced education in nursing and midwifery and, in
the United States, is certified by the American College of Nurse Midwives. These
types of nurses provide independent care for women during normal pregnancy,
labor, and delivery. Nurse midwives also may perform routine Papanicolaou
(Pap) smears and breast examinations and assist patients with family planning.
11. Nurse Anesthetist ****: Provides general anesthesia for patients undergoing
surgery.
12. Nurse Researcher ****: This person is responsible for the continued
development and refinement of nursing knowledge and practice through the
investigation of nursing problems.
13. Nurse Educator ****: Role can be developed in many settings, including
schools of nursing and hospital staff development departments.
14. ANA's (American Nurses Association) Two Lists of Standards ****:
Nursing's professional organization in the United States. It is important because
it sets the standards of practice for nurses (ANA, 2010) and makes decisions
about the functions, activities, and goals of the nursing profession. The
organization is a voice for nurses because it acts on issues and wishes
expressed by its membership. ANA created the standards of practice:
Standards of care and standards of professional performance.
15. Standards of Care (Nursing Process - 6 items): Assessment, Diagnosis,
Outcome Identification, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation. (Outcome
Identification not mentioned during orientation. Only ADPIE.)
16. Assessment: The RN collects comprehensive data pertinent to the patient's
health or situation.
17. Diagnosis: The RN analyzes the assessment data to determine the diagnoses
or issues.
18. Outcome Identification (not mentioned in orientation): The RN identifies
expected outcomes for a plan individualized to the patient or the situation.
19. Planning: The RN develops a plan that prescribes strategies and alternatives
to attain expected outcomes.
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