PEAT-2 Practice Questions and Answer Key 2024/2025 Complete

PEAT-2 Practice Questions and Answer Key 2024/2025 Complete PEAT-2 Practice Questions and Answer Key 2024/2025 Complete 1. A physical therapist examining wrist-joint play finds restriction in the direction indicated by the arrow (downward). (The forearm in midposition with the ulnar side resting on the table and the hand at the edge of the table, palm facing you.) The therapist should suspect a decrease in which joint motion? A. Radial deviation B. Ulnar deviation C. Flexion D. Extension 2. The intervention for a patient with limitation of shoulder flexion and medial (internal) rotation includes mobilization. What glide is MOST appropriate for mobilizing this shoulder to specifically increase the restricted motions? A. Posterior B. Anterior C. Medial D. Lateral 3. Which of the following techniques is MOST appropriate for a patient with low postural tone? A. Slow regular rocking while sitting on a treatment bolster B. Continuous pressure to the skin overlying the back muscles C. Low-frequency vibration to the back muscles D. Joint approximation applied through the shoulders to the trunk 4. What skin change associated with aging has the GREATEST effect on wound healing? A. Reduction in sensation B. Decreased elasticity of the skin C. Decreased epidermal proliferation D. Change in pigmentation 5. Which of the following techniques is MOST effective in teaching a patient with insulin-dependent diabetes about foot care? A. Reassure the patient that no infections will occur if the directions are followed, then demonstrate procedures. B. Tell the patient how foot care is performed, then watch the patient’s performance. C. Watch the patient perform a foot inspection and caution him that amputations result from untended skin problems. D. Have the patient demonstrate a foot inspection, then give feedback on the patient’s performance. 6. Utilization review and peer review are activities that are a part of a comprehensive: A. policy and procedure manual. B. quality improvement program. C. audit cycle. D. performance evaluation 7. The demographic information of the participants in a research study lists a mean age of 32 and median age of 35. The difference between the median and mean indicates: A. the value of the standard deviation score. B. the value of the Z-score. C. that the distribution is skewed. D. that the 2 measures should be averaged. 8. A physical therapist is treating a young athlete with gastrocnemius muscle strength of Fair plus (3+/5). In the prone position, which of the following exercises is MOST appropriate to maximize strengthening? A. Resistive exercises with the knee bent B. Resistive exercises with the knee straight C. Active assistive exercises with the knee bent D. Active assistive exercises with the knee straight 9. Following spinal joint mobilization procedures, a patient calls the therapist and reports a minor dull ache in the treated area of the back that lasted for 2 to 3 hours. Based on this symptom, the therapist should: A. consider a possible neurological lesion in the area. B. refer the patient back to the physician. C. inform the patient that this response is common. D. add strengthening exercises to the home program. 10. A 90 year-old patient with chronic congestive heart failure has been non-ambulatory and a nursing home resident for the past year. The patient was recently admitted to the hospital following an episode of dehydration. Which of the following plans for prophylactic respiratory care is MOST appropriate? A. Turning, coughing, and deep breathing every 1 to 2 waking hours B. Vigorous percussion and vibration 4 times/day C. Gentle vibration with the foot of the bed elevated 1 time/day D. Segmental postural drainage using standard positions throughout the day 11. To help students apply a newly learned skill to clinical practice, the MOST effective action for the clinical instructor to take is to: A. point out possible patient situations and discuss how the skill would apply to them. B. have the students research reference materials and compile a list of the steps required to acquire the skill. C. prepare a list of indications and contraindications for the skill. D. have the students provide examples of patient situations where the skill would be appropriately applied. 12. To prevent contractures in a patient with a transfemoral amputation, emphasis should be placed on designing a positioning program that maintains range of motion in hip: A. flexion and abduction. B. extension and adduction. C. adduction and lateral (external) rotation. D. flexion and medial (internal) rotation. 13. After a long-term history of bilateral lower extremity vascular insufficiency, an otherwise healthy patient had a right transfemoral amputation. For this patient, which of the following factors is MOST important in establishing long-term goals for functional walking? A. Status of the wound at the amputation site B. Range of motion of the right hip C. Condition of the left lower extremity D. Ability to maintain upright posture 14. A physical therapist is conducting a 12-minute walk test with a patient who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and uses 2 L/min of oxygen by nasal cannula. The patient’s resting oxygen saturation is 91% and resting heart rate, 110 bpm. The oxygen flow should be increased if the: A. patient’s carbon dioxide level starts to increase. B. patient starts to report shortness of breath. C. patient’s oxygen saturation falls below 87%. D. patient’s heart rate is greater than 150 bpm. 15. When training a patient to increase muscle activity with the use of electromyographic biofeedback, the physical therapist should adjust the unit so that sensitivity: A. starts low and increases as the patient shows an increase in muscle activity. B. starts high and decreases as the patient shows an increase in muscle activity. C. remains at approximately midrange during the entire treatment period. D. is not set, since this is not necessary for this form of biofeedback. 16. During a posture examination, the physical therapist notes that both of the patient’s patella point inward when viewed from the front of the patient. The MOST likely cause of this problem is excessive: A. femoral anteversion. B. weakness of the vastus medialis. C. genu varum. D. medial tibial torsion. 17. A physical therapist is evaluating a patient who has a vascular lesion in the brainstem affecting the oculomotor nerve (III). During the cranial nerve examination, which of the following signs would be the MOST significant? A. Inability to close the eyelid B. Medial strabismus C. Ptosis of the eyelid D. Constricted pupil 18. A patient is referred to physical therapy for treatment of tenosynovitis. The patient reports a "pins and needles" sensation on the palmar surface of the thumb (1st digit), index (2nd digit), and middle (3rd digit) fingers. The physical therapist’s examination reveals a positive Tinel’s sign at the wrist and Good (4/5) grade opposition of the thumb (1st digit). Based on these findings, the therapist should suspect: A. median nerve compression at the wrist. B. ulnar nerve compression distal to the elbow. C. tenosynovitis of the abductor pollicis longus. D. thoracic outlet syndrome. 19. A patient with a complete thoracic spinal cord injury is sitting in a wheelchair on a custom made cushion. Pressure relief activities should be performed: A. when the patient shows signs of pressure sores. B. every 15 to 20 minutes. C. every 1 to 2 hours. D. if the patient does not have an appropriate cushion. 20. A therapist is measuring passive knee range of motion in a patient. The measurements obtained are shown in photographs A and B. (A – more knee flexion with hip flexed; B – less knee flexion with the hip extended). The MOST likely cause of the difference in knee range of motion is: A. knee joint capsule restriction. B. tightness in the rectus femoris. C. weakness of the hamstrings. D. tightness in the vastus medialis 21. The hospital administrator asks members of the rehabilitation department to develop a comprehensive program to help reduce the risk of low back injuries. Which of the following steps is the FIRST step necessary to develop this program? A. Include all employees in a lumbar extension exercise class. B. Design a program that meets each department’s functional needs. C. Perform an ergonomic analysis on each workstation. D. Provide pamphlets on proper body mechanics. 22. The physical therapist is positioning a patient for postural drainage. To BEST drain the posterior segment of both lower lobes, the patient should be placed in which of the following positions? A. Prone, head down at a 45° angle B. Supine, flat surface C. Sidelying, head elevated at a 30° angle D. Sitting, leaning forward 23. A patient who has a right piriformis syndrome is referred to physical therapy for evaluation and intervention. The patient’s history includes a total hip arthroplasty on the right side 2 years ago. Because of the total hip arthroplasty, which of the following interventions require added precautions for this patient? A. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation B. Continuous ultrasound C. Hot packs D. Massage to the right hip 24. A patient presents with adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder joint. The range of motion examination reveals restricted lateral (external) rotation and abduction of the shoulder. The FIRST mobilization procedure that should be done for this patient is: A. posterior glide. B. distraction C. anterior glide D. lateral (external) rotation 25. A patient sustained a severe, traumatic brain injury 3 months ago. During the examination of passive range of motion, the physical therapist notices decreased passive knee extension and moderate hamstring spasticity. Palpation of the knee reveals a firm mass on the lateral aspect of the joint. The therapist should refer the patient to a physician for an evaluation of probable: A. osteogenic sarcoma B. patellar fracture C. osteomyelitis D. heterotopic ossification 26. A patient reports anterolateral shoulder pain with an insidious onset. Examination shows full passive range of motion pain on passive lateral (external) rotation and pain on resistive medial (internal) rotation. These signs are consistent with a diagnosis of: A. bicipital tendonitis B. supraspinatus tendonitis C. subscapularis tendonitis D. infraspinatus tendonitis 27. During manual muscle testing of the hip flexors in the sitting position, a patient exhibits lateral (external) rotation with abduction of the thigh as resistance is applied. The physical therapist should suspect muscle substitution by the: A. sartorius B. tensor fascia latae C. adductor longus D. semimembranosus 28. A patient is entering a cardiac rehabilitation program. The physical therapist should FIRST ask the patient to: A. describe the correct aspects of exercise demonstrated by the therapist. B. list problems associated with poor nutritional habits. C. identify the harmful effects of smoking with regards to cardiac disease. D. describe the type of angina that the patient experiences. 29. A physical therapist is setting up a home program of electrical stimulation for a patient who has Bell’s palsy. Which of the following muscles should be stimulated as part of the home program? A. Sternocleidomastoid B. Masseter C. Temporalis D. Frontalis 30. A patient is lying supine with hips and knees extended and hands behind the head. The patient is able to raise the head, shoulders, and thorax from the treatment table, but is unable to come to a complete long-sitting position. What muscle should the physical therapist target for a strengthening program? A. Iliopsoas B. External abdominal oblique C. Quadratus lumborum D. Upper rectus abdominis 31. A 14 month-old child with spastic diplegia is up on the tiptoes with the toes curled when held in supported standing. This position is characteristic of a: A. proprioceptive placing reaction. B. moro reflex C. plantar grasp reflex D. traction response 32. Following trauma at the C5 spinal cord level, a patient was admitted to the hospital. Twenty-four hours later, the patient shows no reflexes, sensation, or voluntary motor activity below the level of injury. These findings indicate: A. the presence of spasticity B. decerebrate rigidity C. spinal shock D. a lower motor neuron lesion 33. A patient with a right transfemoral prosthesis will be able to maintain the knee in extension while weight bearing if the center of gravity of the body is shifted so that the gravitational line falls: A. posterior to the axis of the right knee joint. B. lateral to the axis of the right knee joint. C. anterior to the axis of the right knee joint. D. medial to the axis of the right knee joint. 34. An initial physical therapy evaluation is performed on an elderly patient who is 1 day post total left hip arthroplasty (non-cemented) using a posterior-lateral approach. The patient has no complicating medical history and was active and independent preoperatively. Which of the following activities is NOT an appropriate goal for the first week of therapy? A. Active-assistive positioning of the left hip to 60° of flexion B. Active, left hip abduction in right sidelying C. Independent bed mobility with use of a trapeze D. Walking with moderate assistance with a standard walker to 25 ft (7.6 m) 35. A patient with frequent tension headaches has been referred to physical therapy for instruction in a program of progressive relaxation exercises. Which of the following is MOST essential in a program of progressive relaxation to reduce muscle tension? A. Release of tension by suggestion and persuasion B. Passive exercise in quiet surroundings to relieve tension C. General massage using deep stroking and kneading of tense muscles D. Recognition of the sensations of tension and release 36. A patient slips, falls, and cuts her arm in the clinic. The cut is bleeding and the patient is alert and well oriented. In performing first aid for the patient, the FIRST action that the physical therapist should take is to: A. don a pair of gloves. B. clean the cut with an antiseptic. C. check the patient’s blood pressure. D. cover the cut with a sterile dressing. 37. A physical therapist is working with a patient who is aware of being terminally ill. What is the MOST appropriate intervention when the patient wants to talk about the prognosis? A. Discourage discussion of death or dying. B. Refer the patient for pastoral counseling. C. Relate the therapist’s experiences with other patients. D. Encourage the patient’s expression of feelings. 38. A physical therapist examines a patient who reports foot pain while jogging. The examination shows that the patient has excessive foot pronation and forefoot varus. The therapist decides to try a temporary orthotic insert in the patient’s running shoe. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate orthotic insert? A. A lateral forefoot post under the 5th metatarsal head B. A lateral rearfoot post under the calcaneus placed in an everted position C. A wedge placed under the instep of the medial foot just beneath the head of the talus D. A medial post just proximal to the 1st metatarsal head 39. Although knee motion occurs primarily in 1 plane, tibial rotation is possible when the knee is positioned in 90° or more of flexion because in this position the: A. condyles of the femur glide posteriorly on the condyles of the tibia. B. hamstrings act as a rotating force. C. patella deviates inferiorly. D. tension on the ligaments is decreased. 40. A postural correction program for a patient with forward head, kyphosis, and increased lumbar lordosis should include all of the following EXCEPT: A. strengthening the scapular protractors. B. strengthening the thoracic erector spinae muscles. C. lengthening the short suboccipital muscles. D. lengthening the lumbar erector spinae muscles. 41. A patient in the eighth month of pregnancy presents with numbness and tingling of the left hand, except for the little finger (5th digit). She demonstrates edema of the hand and fingers, a positive Tinel’s sign at the wrist, and a Good (4/5) muscle test grade of the wrist and finger flexors. The MOST appropriate intervention is: A. a wrist splint to position the wrist in full extension. B. a hot pack followed by tendon gliding exercises. C. resistive exercises for the wrist and finger flexors. D. frequent rest and elevation of the left upper extremity. 42. A patient who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is being treated with a regimen that includes pursed- lipped breathing exercises. The PRIMARY purpose of the pursed-lipped breathing is to: A. help prevent the collapse of pulmonary airways during exhalation thereby reducing air trapping. B. decrease the removal of carbon dioxide during ventilation. C. increase the residual volume of respiration so that more oxygen is available for body metabolism. D. stimulate further mobilization of mucous secretions to higher air passages where they can be expectorated. 43. A patient with a diagnosis of cervical radiculopathy reports numbness of the right little finger (5th digit). The physical therapist will MOST likely find a diminished tendon reflex in the: A. biceps brachii B. deltoid C. triceps brachii D. brachioradialis 44. In a suction-socket prosthesis, the PRIMARY function of the valve in the lower and medial part of the socket is to permit air to: A. remain during the stance phase of gait. B. remain during the swing phase of gait. C. escape during the swing phase of gait. D. escape during the stance phase of gait. 45. A patient with chronic venous insufficiency of the lower extremities is MOST likely to exhibit: A. normal superficial veins, no edema, ulceration, and patches of gangrene around the toes. B. dilation of superficial veins, edema, and stasis ulceration. C. no edema, cold, hairless extremities, and faint dorsalis pedis pulse. D. dilation of superficial veins and edema made worse during sitting or elevation of the lower extremities. 46. Following removal of a long-leg cast, a patient has limited knee flexion. The MOST appropriate direction of patellar mobilization is: A. distal B. lateral C. proximal D. medial 47. Which lower extremity proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern is MOST appropriate for a patient who needs strengthening of the tibialis posterior? A. Hip extension, abduction, and medial (internal) rotation, with ankle plantarflexion and eversion B. Hip flexion, adduction, and lateral (external) rotation, with ankle dorsiflexion and inversion C. Hip extension, adduction, and lateral (external) rotation, with ankle plantarflexion and inversion D. Hip flexion, abduction, and medial (internal) rotation, with ankle dorsiflexion and eversion 48. A patient is referred to physical therapy with a diagnosis of low back pain. Radiographic studies, including magnetic resonance imaging, have ruled out the presence of disc pathology. The patient reports continuous back pain that radiates upward toward the thorax and anteriorly into the abdominal region. The physical therapist should consider which of the following areas as a potential source of the discomfort? A. dura mater B. diaphragm C. kidney D. urinary bladder 49. An adult patient who was involved in a motor vehicle accident has sustained multiple traumas, including fractured ribs on the right side. The patient is unconscious, intubated, and on a mechanical ventilator in the intensive care unit. Chest radiographs show the development of an infiltrate in the right lower lobe during the past 2 days. Rales and rhonchi are heard over the right lower lung fields. Which of the following chest physical therapy programs is MOST appropriate? A. Manual hyperventilation and suctioning while positioned on the left side B. Positioning supine for suctioning, followed by manual hyperventilation while positioned on the left side C. Suctioning, percussion, and vibration while positioned on the right side D. Positioning on the left side for deep breathing exercises only 50. A physical therapist reads an article on a muscle physiology study. The results of the study are shown in the graph (length-tension curve). The therapist can BEST use the results of the study to explain the underlying rationale for which of the following interventions? A. The use of prolonged passive stretching to lengthen shortened connective tissue B. The use of plyometrics to enhance muscle power C. The use of closed chain versus open chain exercises to enhance co-contraction of muscles D. The use of hold-relax techniques for muscle stretching 51. In the early management of a patient with a partial peripheral nerve injury, the goal of the physical therapy intervention will MOST likely be to prevent: A. nerve degeneration B. spasticity and increased muscle tone C. muscle atrophy D. contractures and adhesions 52. A physical therapist is developing an educational program for individuals with lower extremity peripheral neuropathies due to diabetes. Which of the following information is MOST important for the physical therapist to recommend for the prevention of injury to the feet? A. Orthoses to support the extremity B. Use of proper footwear C. Moisturizing the skin to prevent dryness D. Exercise parameters 53. Elevating a patient’s lower extremity for less than 1 minute produces a noticeable pallor of the foot, followed by delayed reactive hyperemia in a dependent position. These signs are indicative of: A. an intact circulatory system B. arterial insufficiency C. venous insufficiency D. acute arterial occlusion 54. While ascending stairs, an elderly patient leans forward with increased hip flexion. Which of the following muscles are being used to the best advantage with this forward posture? A. rectus femoris B. tensor fascia latae C. gluteus maximus D. erector spinae 55. An inpatient physical therapy department has only 1 physical therapist and 1 physical therapist assistant on duty, due to staff illness. A patient with which of the following conditions and circumstances is MOST appropriate for the therapist to delegate to the assistant? A. Ataxia, who is undergoing a trial to determine an appropriate assistive device B. Hemiparesis, whose initial evaluation has not been completed C. Multiple sclerosis, who is receiving gait training with a rolling walker D. Alzheimer’s disease, who is easily agitated during the initial gait training 56. The brother of a patient who was recently discharged from the hospital’s outpatient physical therapy department telephones on the patient’s behalf to request a copy of the patient’s medical record. The physical therapist should explain to the patient’s brother that the medical record is the property of the: A. patient’s family and can be released to the brother upon written request. B. patient’s insurer now and that the request for a copy must be made in writing to the insurer. C. hospital and the patient and can be released only with written authorization from the patient. D. hospital and can be released only with written authorization from the patient’s physician. 57. A physical therapist is examining a patient for possible lower extremity weakness. Passive range of motion is within normal limits. The patient is seated. When the patient tries to dorsiflex and invert the right foot, the patient is unable to move it through the full range of motion and is unable to take any resistance applied by the therapist. During the subsequent gait examination, the therapist should expect the patient to display which of the following? A. Normal gait with no deviations B. Increased right hip flexion during midswing phase C. Throwing the trunk backward on the right side shortly after heel strike (initial contact) D. Laterally bending towards the right side during midstance 58. A patient is referred to physical therapy with a diagnosis of chondromalacia patella. The physical therapist should decide to include quadriceps setting and straight-leg raises as part of the home exercise program, because: A. the vastus medialis muscle is primarily responsible for terminal knee extension. B. quadriceps setting and straight-leg raises help improve patellar tracking. C. patello-femoral compression forces are increased when the knee is extended. D. the vastus medialis muscle is preferentially activated during a straight-leg raise. 59. Which of the following statements does NOT document patient outcome? A. The patient propelled his wheelchair independently after 4 weeks. B. The patient demonstrated independent performance of home program after 2 weeks. C. The patient walked 100 ft (30.5 m) with minimal assistance after 1 week. D. The patient attended physical therapy sessions 3 times/week for 2 week. 60. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of a reduced vital capacity in a patient who has quadriplegia at the C5-C6 level? A. Decreased anterolateral chest expansion resulting from paralysis of the external intercostal muscles B. Inability of the patient to generate a negative intrapleural pressure secondary to a denervated diaphragm C. A relatively high resting position of the diaphragm resulting from paralysis of the abdominal muscles D. Reduced rib-cage elevation due to paralysis of the anterior scalene and sternocleidomastoid muscles 61. Instruction in energy conservation and joint protection should be provided to a patient with rheumatoid arthritis, because: A. the joints may be predisposed to damage by overuse. B. fatigue often masks joint pain. C. phagocytes remove more pannus in a resting joint. D. activity of the antigen-antibody complex is diminished with rest. 62. In which of the following is independence the MOST realistic long-term goal for a patient with a complete spinal cord lesion at C8? A. Effective cough technique B. Rolling from side to side C. Transfer from bed to wheelchair D. Walking with forearm crutches 63. To minimize skin irritation during functional electrical nerve stimulation, the physical therapist should use: A. lower intensity, larger interelectrode distance, and larger electrodes. B. lower intensity, larger interelectrode distance, and smaller electrodes. C. higher intensity, smaller interelectrode distance, and smaller electrodes. D. lower intensity, smaller interelectrode distance, and larger electrodes. 64. A patient is doing active and resistive exercises on a mat table in the physical therapy department. After 15 minutes, the patient becomes short of breath, begins coughing, and expectorates pink, frothy sputum. At this point, the physical therapist should first stop the treatment, then NEXT: A. assess vital signs, let the patient rest a few minutes with the feet elevated, and then resume with a less vigorous program. B. sit the patient up, assess vital signs, and call a nurse or physician for further instructions. C. lay the patient supine, transfer the patient to a stretcher, and return the patient to the nursing unit. D. lay the patient down flat, call for assistance, and begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation. 65. A patient who sustained a mild cerebrovascular accident 3 weeks ago is being prepared by the physical therapist for discharge to home and an adult day program. To facilitate the discharge plan, the MOST appropriate health professional for the therapist to consult with is the: A. skilled nursing coordinator. B. occupational therapist. C. medical social worker. D. primary physician. 66. A physical therapist examines a high school athlete in the training room. After removing the adhesive strapping from the athlete’s ankle, the therapist discovers that the athlete has developed an open weepy rash on the instep of the foot. The therapist should FIRST: A. apply moist heat to the foot. B. send the patient to a hospital emergency room. C. use more pre-wrap with the next joint taping. D. refer the patient to the team physician. 67. A patient who sustained a left transtibial amputation 2 years ago and a right transtibial amputation 3 weeks ago is being evaluated for possible walking with prosthesis. Which of the following factors is MOST relevant? A. Size of the right residual limb scar B. Length of the right residual limb C. Proficiency in previous prosthetic use D. Severity of phantom pain 68. A prone standing board has been recommended for a 5 year-old child with severe hypotonia. The PRIMARY purpose for the use of a prone stander is to: A. promote weight bearing. B. reinforce an exaggerated positive support reflex. C. prevent hip dislocation. D. increase hip and knee range of motion. 69. A patient has difficulty palpating the carotid pulse during exercise. The patient should be instructed in alternate methods of self-monitoring, because repeated palpation is likely to result in: A. increasing the heart rate. B. decreasing the heart rate. C. an irregular heart rhythm. D. increasing systolic blood pressure. 70. A patient spilled boiling water on the right arm when reaching for a pan on the stove. The forearm, elbow, and lower half of the upper arm appear blistered and red, with some subcutaneous swelling and pain on touch. To facilitate optimal function, the physical therapist should PRIMARILY emphasize: A. range of motion exercises to the right hand, wrist, and elbow. B. application of compression dressings. C. sterile whirlpool to the right upper extremity. D. splinting of the right upper extremity in full elbow extension. 71. A physical therapist plans to study the effect of cold compresses on passive range of motion in a group of 10 patients. The plan is to apply these compresses to the hamstring muscles 1 time/day for 5 days. Which of the following experimental designs is MOST appropriate for this type of study? A. For both the experimental and control groups, gather data from patient records. B. For both the experimental and control groups, measure range of motion of both groups on day 5. C. For both the experimental and control groups, measure range of motion on days 1 and 5. D. For the experimental group, measure range of motion every day. For the control group, measure range of motion on days 1 and 5. 72. During an examination of elbow strength using MMT, the patient supinates the forearm when attempting elbow flexion. Which of the following muscles is MOST likely doing the major part of the work? A. Biceps brachii B. Brachialis C. Supinator D. Brachioradialis 73. A patient has pain, swelling, and tenderness over the medial border of the hand. The patient also shows changes in the color and temperature of the skin, hyperhidrosis, and progressive joint stiffness in the wrist and hand. The MOST likely cause of the patient’s signs and symptoms is: A. cervical disc disease. B. Raynaud’s phenomenon. C. Complex Regional Pain Syndrome D. carpal tunnel syndrome. 74. While a patient is walking in the parallel bars, the physical therapist observes that the pelvis drops down on the side opposite the stance extremity. This gait deviation is an indication of weakness of the hip: A. abductors of the swing extremity B. adductors of the swing extremity C. abductors of the stance extremity. D. adductors of the stance extremity. 75. Which of the following structures is indicated by the arrow in the radiograph? A. Intertubercular groove B. Greater tubercle C. Lesser tubercle D. Coracoid process 76. When treating a patient who has ankylosing spondylitis, the muscles requiring the MOST emphasis for strengthening exercises are the: A. pectorals. B. hip flexors. C. back extensors D. abdominals. 77. A 3 month-old child has motor and sensory loss in the right upper extremity in the areas innervated by the C5 and C6 spinal nerves. The cause of this birth injury MOST likely is: A. hemiparesis B. Erb-Duchenne paralysis. C. spinal cord injury. D. Klumpke’s paralysis 78. A patient with multiple sclerosis is referred for physical therapy at home. Before going home, the patient requires training in bathing, dressing, and eating. Adaptive devices may be needed to accomplish this. The physical therapist should recommend that the patient be seen by: A. a social worker B. an orthotist. C. an occupational therapist. D. a home health nurse. 79. A patient with Parkinson’s disease has just been admitted to the rehabilitation unit. The patient is dependent in all transfers and requires moderate assistance of 1 person to walk 30 ft (9.1 m) with a standard walker. To facilitate good carry-over for activities, instruction of the family in transfers should occur: A. during a home visit after the patient is discharged B. just prior to discharging the patient C. early in the rehabilitation program D. when the family feels ready to take the patient home. 80. A patient had final approval and checkout of a permanent prosthesis 2 weeks ago. The patient now reports to the physical therapist that the prosthesis is too heavy. The patient will benefit MOST from: A. an evaluation of the socket fit by the prosthetist. B. a prescription from the physician for a lighter-weight prosthesis C. re-evaluation of hip strength by the physical therapist D. adding a fork strap attachment to the prosthesis 81. A patient has a history of neck pain that is aggravated by long periods of sitting. The pain becomes progressively worse by evening. Range of motion and strength of the neck and shoulders are within normal limits. Sensation and reflexes are intact in both upper extremities. The patient has a forward head and excessive thoracic kyphosis. The MOST appropriate exercise program includes: A. stretching of the neck flexors and pectoral strengthening B. upper trapezius strengthening and pectoral stretching. C. pectoral strengthening and rhomboid stretching D. rhomboid strengthening and axial neck extension 82. Upon removal of a wet-to-dry dressing from a draining wound, a physical therapist observes that the skin immediately surrounding a patient’s wound is macerated. What should the therapist recommend for future wound care? A. Continue using the current dressing type B. Make the dressing more absorbent. C. Leave the dressing on longer between dressing changes D. Change to a pressure-type dressing 83. A patient is performing a Phase I (inpatient) cardiac rehabilitation exercise session. The physical therapist should terminate low-level activity if which of the following values changes from resting level? A. The diastolic blood pressure increases to 120 mm Hg. B. The respiratory rate increases to 20 breaths per minute. C. The systolic blood pressure increases by 20 mm Hg. D. The heart rate increases by 20 bpm. 84. A therapist is preparing to teach a patient who has Guillain-Barre syndrome to transfer from wheelchair to a mat table. The patient weighs 150 lbs., she has poor (2/5) grade in both of her lower extremities and fair (4/5) grade in her left upper extremity; her right upper extremity has normal (5/5) strength. Which of the following would be the MOST appropriate assisted transfer for the initial session of this patient? A. 2-person lift to the right side B. Sliding-board transfer to the right side C. A hydraulic lift from the wheelchair to the mat D. Full standing-pivot transfer to the right side 85. In physical therapy program planning for geriatric patients, an important age-related change that should be taken into consideration is: A. the inability to learn new motor tasks. B. decreased pain sensation C. decreased motivation. D. the inability to select alternative movement strategies 86. To achieve maximum reduction of lymphedema following a mastectomy in the upper extremity by means of massage, it is MOST important that: A. local heat be applied before the massage B. the upper arm be massaged before the forearm C. the hand be massaged before the forearm. D. the massage strokes occur in a centrifugal direction 87. A patient with a diagnosis of complete spinal cord lesion at C4-C5 demonstrates a weak, cough mechanism. Which of the following techniques would MOST effectively augment the patient’s coughing? A. Manual pushing against the upper abdomen B. Positioning the patient in prone C. Pursed-lipped breathing D. Interrupting the expiratory air stream 88. A patient is referred for recommendation regarding purchase of a wheelchair. The measurements of the patient while sitting are 16 in (40.6 cm) across the widest point of the hips and 18 in (45.7 cm) from the rear of the buttocks to the popliteal crease. Which of the following wheelchair dimensions are BEST suited for this patient’s needs? A. Seat width and seat depth of 18 in (45.7 cm) B. Seat width of 18 in (45.7 cm) and seat depth of 16 in (40.6 cm) C. Seat width and seat depth of 16 in (40.6 cm) Seat width and seat depth of 16 in (40.6 cm) D. Seat width of 16 in (40.6 cm) and seat depth of 18 in (45.7 cm) 89. Which of the following objectives is MOST important prior to discharge, for a patient who has had a myocardial infarction? A. Ascend a flight of stairs before discharge B. Perform prescribed exercises without angina C. Return to normal daily activity level. D. Take a radial pulse reliably before discharge 90. A patient is undergoing a treadmill stress test. The appearance of abnormally wide, irregularly spaced QRS complexes on the electrocardiogram represents: A. ventricular depolarization B. premature ventricular contractions C. atrial fibrillation. D. atrial repolarization 91. Treatment of a patient with hemophilia who has a subacute hemarthrosis of the knee should INITIALLY include: A. active assistive range-of-motion exercise to the knee. B. instruction of the patient for weight bearing to tolerance C. gentle resistive range-of-motion exercise to the knee D. continuous immobilization of the knee in an extension splint. 92. Which of the following home programs is MOST appropriate for a patient with chronic lateral epicondylitis? A. Using a forearm cuff to increase loading on the extensor tendons B. Performing exercises for wrist strength and stretching C. Administering iontophoresis with dexamethasone (Decadron) and lidocaine (Xylocaine) D. Doing friction massage of the brachioradialis tendon 93. A physical therapist who works in a home health agency is treating a patient with diabetes mellitus. The patient tells the therapist that he is no longer taking his insulin. The physical therapist’s FIRST course of action should be to: A. instruct the patient in the proper technique for injection of insulin B. contact the patient’s home health nurse. C. tell the patient’s family to report this information to the physician. D. have the patient perform a urine glucose test while the therapist is in the home. 94. Which of the following methods is appropriate for handling a 1 year-old child with cerebral palsy who exhibits strong extensor tone in the trunk and extremities? A. Carrying the child in a sitting position B. Carrying the child over one’s shoulder C. Keeping contact with the back of the child’s head D. Picking the child up under the upper extremities 95. A physical therapist evaluates a 65 year-old patient with psoriasis for treatment with ultraviolet radiation. The patient’s history includes the following: total hip arthroplasty 1 year ago; penicillin allergy; calcium supplements since menopause; and daily tetracycline (Achromycin) use for the past 2 weeks for a urinary tract infection. Which of these factors should alert the therapist to use extra caution when applying ultraviolet light? A. Arthroplasty with a metal implant B. Daily tetracycline (Achromycin) use C. Penicillin allergy D. Long-standing calcium supplement use 96. Which of the following instructions is MOST appropriate for teaching a patient with C6 quadriplegia to transfer from a wheelchair to a mat? A. Keep your fingers extended to give a broader base of support B. Rotate your head and shoulders in the same direction as the desired hip motion. C. Rotate your head and shoulders in the direction opposite to the desired hip motion. D. Keep both hands next to your knees to lock your elbows. 97. Upon abduction and internal rotation of the shoulder with forearm pronated and wrist ulnarly deviated, a patient complains of poorly localized pain over the radial aspect of the proximal forearm with tingling sensation over the lateral dorsum of the hand. The patient most likely has: A. Cubital tunnel syndrome B. Pronator teres syndrome C. Radial tunnel syndrome D. Anterior interosseous syndrome 98. A patient comes to physical therapy with generalized body pain. Which of the following criteria would BEST provide the physical therapist with discriminating information to distinguish between the presence of fibromyalgia and the presence of any other painful conditions in the patient? A. The existence of specific tender points B. Loss of sleep over the past 3 months C. A poor response to stretching exercises D. Visual disturbances and loss of balance 99. A patient, who recently had an ankle injury, reports pain in the front of the ankle while walking. This pain is reproduced when, with the patient in sitting, the physical therapist grasps the patient’s heel and with the foot remaining in neutral introduces a lateral (external) rotation force to the lower extremity. The pain is not reproduced with inversion or eversion tests to the ankle. The patient MOST likely has which of the following injuries? A. Syndesmosis sprain B. Calcaneocuboid sprain C. 5th metatarsal fracture D. Tibial stress fracture 100. The joint indicated by the arrow (subacromial joint) contains what soft tissue structure? A. Glenoid labrum B. Middle deltoid muscle C. Biceps brachii tendon D. Pectoralis minor muscle 101. A long distance runner presents to physical therapy with insidious onset of lower leg pain. The patient’s examination results reveal weakness of toe flexion and ankle inversion. The physical therapist suspects vascular compromise associated with this presentation. Palpation at which of the following locations is MOST likely to reveal diminished arterial pulses in the patient? A. Dorsal aspect of the foot B. Posterior to the lateral malleolus C. Posterior to the medial malleolus D. Lateral aspect of the popliteal fossa 102. A patient with low back and leg pain has been seen 2 times in outpatient physical therapy. Today, during the patient’s third visit, the therapist notes an audible slap of the foot at heel strike (initial contact). The patient also reports that there has been no leg pain since yesterday. Regarding testing, it is MOST important for the physical therapist to perform: A. Achilles’ tendon reflex testing. B. sensation testing of the sole of the foot. C. the sign of the buttock test. D. tibialis anterior strength testing 103. A patient comes to physical therapy with wrist pain following a fall on an outstretched hand. Between the tendons of the abductor pollicis longus and the extensor pollicis longus, the physical therapist identifies significant tenderness to palpation. The pain is not reproduced with contraction of the surrounding muscles. Which of the following diagnoses is MOST likely present in the patient? A. Extensor carpi radialis tendinitis B. Colles’ fracture C. Triangular fibrocartilage complex injury D. Scaphoid fracture 104. During the physical therapy examination of a patient with low back and leg pain, the physical therapist determines that the patient experiences centralization of symptoms with extension. Which of the following exercises is MOST appropriate for the physical therapist to introduce first? A. Supine partial sit-ups B. Prone opposite arm and leg lift C. Quadruped opposite arm and leg lift on a therapy ball D. Bilateral bridging with feet on a therapy ball 105. A patient, who has fallen 3 times while walking on uneven surfaces, comes to physical therapy for intervention. Examination reveals that the patient does not have difficulty maintaining balance with the eyes closed or with the introduction of visual conflict. Which of the following interventions is MOST appropriate for this patient? A. Instruct the patient to walk a straight line while glancing left and right. B. Instruct the patient in exercises to strengthen the gastroc-soleus muscle group. C. Refer the patient to an orthotist for a custom ankle-foot orthoses fitting D. Provide the patient with a cane for walking 106. A physical therapist is analyzing data regarding functional loss in patients with fibromyalgia. The functional loss scale utilized has a normal distribution. The therapist finds that a score of 33 is 2 standard deviations below the mean, while a score of 55 is 2 standard deviations above the mean. This indicates that: A. 50% of subjects scored 33 and 55. B. 15% of subjects scored below 33. C. 95% of subjects scored between 33 and 55. D. 6.67% of subjects scored above 55. 107. A patient has had left Achilles’ tendinitis for 6 weeks. No structural abnormalities are evident upon examination of the patient. Which of the following supportive shoe inserts is MOST appropriate for this patient? A. Full-contact custom orthosis, left only B. Off-the-shelf heel lift, left only C. Off-the-shelf heel lifts, bilaterally D. Full-contact custom orthoses, bilaterally 108. A 70 year-old female patient reports the onset of midback pain after working in a garden for several hours. The patient reports constant pain, which increases with deep breathing, and demonstrates limited thoracic spine active range of motion in all planes. The patient has a 40-year history of smoking and long-term use of prednisone (Deltasone). Based on this history, which of the following pathologies is MOST likely the cause of the patient’s back pain? A. Thoracic compression fracture B. Lung cancer C. Coronary artery disease D. Abdominal aortic aneurysm 109. A physical therapist is working with an outpatient who had a cerebrovascular accident and currently lives in an assisted-living facility. Which of the following statements is the MOST appropriate functional goal for this patient? A. The patient will be able to don an ankle-foot orthosis with assistance B. The patient will independently walk 165 ft (50 m) with a straight cane from the bedroom to the cafeteria. C. The patient will have Normal (5/5) strength of the quadriceps muscles D. The patient’s balance will improve to be able to independently stand on the involved lower extremity for 20 seconds 110. Which of the following positions is the correct end position in which to mobilize the radial nerve? A. Shoulder abduction, elbow extension, wrist extension B. Shoulder flexion, elbow flexion, wrist extension C. Shoulder abduction, elbow flexion, wrist flexion D. Shoulder extension, elbow extension, wrist flexion 111. A physical therapist is working on transfers with a patient who had a brainstem cerebrovascular accident. The patient has ataxia in all 4 extremities and a high level of extensor tone in the lower extremities. The patient has fair to good trunk control. Which of the following transfers is BEST for this patient? A. Squat-pivot B. Sliding-board C. Standing-pivot D. Dependent tuck 112. Which of the following modalities BEST addresses the cause of calcific tendinitis in the bicipital tendon? A. Sensory level interferential current at 80 Hz to 100 Hz B. Iontophoresis with acetic acid at 60 mA/minute C. High-volt pulsed electrical stimulation at 200 pps D. Diathermy with a parallel treatment set up 113. A physical therapist is treating a patient with back pain with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, using biphasic pulsed current and conventional transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation parameters. The patient reports a painful response during the initial transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation treatment. Which of the following treatment modifications is the MOST appropriate in this situation? A. Decreased electrode size B. Decreased pulse width C. Increased pulse rate D. Switch to a monophasic current 114. A patient with an L4 - L5 posterolateral herniated nucleus pulposus is MOST likely to have sensory deficits in which of the following locations? A. Medial knee B. Medial ankle C. Plantar aspect of the foot D. Dorsum of the great toe 115. A physical therapist is working with a patient who has multiple medical issues and has just finished chemotherapy. Which of the following tests is MOST appropriate to measure changes in this patient’s endurance over time? A. 10-meter walk for time B. 6-minute walk C. Timed Up and Go D. Maximum VO2 assessment 116. A patient had a brainstem stroke 2 months ago. The patient is currently able to independently walk 65 ft (20 m) over level surfaces with a straight cane and ascend stairs with minimum assistance. Which of the following activities would MOST appropriately challenge this patient’s balance during a physical therapy session? A. Ascending stairs using a single handrail B. Standing on 1 leg with eyes closed C. Walking over uneven terrain D. Walking 130 ft (40 m) with a straight cane 117. A 72 year-old patient reports bilateral calf pain experienced while walking. The pain has been gradually increasing, after an insidious onset 2 years ago. Sitting decreases the patient’s symptoms, and the patient’s past medical history is significant for smoking and diabetes. Which of the following pathologies is MOST likely the cause of the patient’s leg pain? A. Lumbar stenosis B. Gluteal artery claudication C. Herniated nucleus pulposus D. Deep vein thrombosis 118. Which of the following pulmonary function tests measures the average total amount of air moved during inspiration of normal breathing? A. Vital capacity B. Inspiratory capacity C. Tidal volume D. Inspiratory reserve volume 119. A patient who recently had bilateral leg amputations wants to have a ramp built to travel from the back deck of his house to the pool in his wheelchair. The vertical distance from the door to the ground level is 5 ft (1.5 m). Which of the following ramp specifications is BEST for this patient? A. 1 continuous ramp, 60 ft (18 m) long B. 1 continuous ramp, 30 ft (9 m) long C. 2 ramps, each 60 ft (18 m) long, connected by a level area D. 2 ramps, each 30 ft (9 m) long, connected by a level area 120. A new clinical evaluation tool is reported to have a specificity of 0.88, which means that this tool has a high percentage of: A. true positives. B. false positives C. true negatives D. false negatives. 121. The results of pulmonary function tests of a patient with which of the following diseases is LEAST likely to show increased residual volume? A. Atelectasis B. Bronchiectasis C. Chronic bronchitis D. Emphysema 122. During the initial evaluation of a patient with right upper extremity pain, the physical therapist notes that the patient’s right scapula is significantly lower than the left scapula. Shortness in which of the following muscles on the right is MOST likely to lead to this patient’s postural presentation? A. Latissimus dorsi B. Upper trapezius C. Rhomboids D. Teres major 123. A patient reports numbness and tingling on the lateral side of the right lower leg that sometimes extends into the top of the foot. Which of the following structures is MOST likely involved? A. Lateral sural cutaneous nerve B. L4 nerve root C. Superficial peroneal nerve D. S1 nerve root 124. A home health patient who recently had a 3-vessel coronary artery bypass graft describes experiencing bilateral lower extremity swelling, leg pain, and shortness of breath, especially when lying down. The patient MOST likely has which of the following diagnoses? A. Deep vein thrombosis B. Myocardial infarction C. Pulmonary embolism D. Congestive heart failure 125. Which of the following outcomes is the HIGHEST expected functional outcome for a patient with a complete C7 spinal cord injury? A. Minimal assistance with transferring from the floor to the wheelchair B. Independent with wheelchair mobility on smooth surfaces C. Minimal assistance with transferring from supine to sitting D. Independent with ascending a curb in the wheelchair 126. Which of the following symptoms is MOST typically associated with Guillain-Barré Syndrome? A. Periods of relapsing and remitting motor weakness B. Motor weakness in a peripheral nerve distribution C. Rapid development of progressive motor weakness D. Motor weakness in a spinal nerve distribution 127. In splinting or immobilization, the functional position of the hand includes wrist: A. extension, phalangeal flexion, and abduction of the thumb (1st digit) B. extension, phalangeal flexion, and abduction of the thumb (1st digit) C. extension, phalangeal flexion, and adduction of the thumb (1st digit). D. extension, phalangeal flexion, and adduction of the thumb (1st digit). 128. A patient with the diagnosis of astrocytoma malignancy is receiving physical therapy in her home. While sitting in a chair at her dining room table, the patient begins to have a grand mal seizure. The physical therapist lowers her to the floor. The MOST appropriate next step for the therapist is to: A. activate the emergency response system B. protect the patient from biting her tongue by inserting a tongue blade C. roll the patient on her side D. extend the patient’s neck for airway clearance. 129. Which of the following assignments is MOST appropriate for a physical therapist to delegate to a volunteer? A. Restocking treatment booths with linens, ultrasound gel, and massage lotion B. Attending a patient who is on a tilt table while the therapist takes a phone call C. Transporting a patient who reports dizziness back to the patient's room D. Transferring a patient from the mat table to a wheelchair 130. A patient who has rheumatoid arthritis comes to physical therapy with signs of muscle atrophy, ecchymosis, puffy cheeks, and a diagnosis of osteoporosis. This patient is MOST likely receiving a high dosage of: A. penicillin (Ampicillin). B. prednisone (Deltasone). C. acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin). D. gold salts 131. A client on a weight-loss program has been walking 3 days/week for 15 minutes, for the past 3 weeks. To progress the exercise program, which of the following will MOST likely accomplish the weight-loss goal? A. Maintain the current walking speed and increase the duration to 30 minutes B. Increase the walking speed and keep the duration at 15 minutes. C. Walk 4 days/week and decrease the duration to 10 minutes. D. Change from walking 3 days/week to jogging 1 day/week for 20 minutes. 132. A patient comes to physical therapy 2 hours after a rugby game in which the patient sustained a forceful blow to the anterolateral lower leg. Which of the following physical therapy examination procedures is MOST important for the physical therapist to include? A. Ability of the patient to walk on the toes B. Integrity of the dorsalis pedis pulse C. Strength of the ankle everters D. Reactivity of the Achilles’ tendon reflex 133. A physical therapist examines a patient lying supine with both lower extremities extended. The therapist notes that both of the patient’s medial malleoli are aligned with each other. The therapist asks the patient to assume the long- sitting position and notes the position of the malleoli as shown in the photograph (the right malleolus shifted inferiorly). What is the MOST likely cause of this patient’s test results? A. Excessive femoral anteversion B. Anterior rotation of the innominate on the right C. Functional leg-length discrepancy due to left, lateral pelvic tilt D. Posterior rotation of the innominate on the right 134. During the shoulder examination of a patient, a physical therapist notes the presence of a capsular pattern without radicular pain. To help establish the cause of the capsular pattern, the therapist should NEXT: A. perform axial compression on the cervical spine to check for nerve root compression B. ask the patient if there has been any prior trauma to the shoulder joint. C. check for a painful arc during active range of motion D. examine the shoulder for a rotator cuff tear. 135. A physical therapist is considering the use of phonophoresis as part of an intervention plan. Which of the following steps is the correct FIRST step in the decision making process to use phonophoresis? A. Outline the therapeutic goals and outcomes B. Select the appropriate coupling agent and medication C. Decide on the dosimetry by choosing the appropriate mode and frequency D. Determine if there are any contraindications 136. A physical therapist is assessing the lifting technique of a patient who has a history of back pain. The patient performs a lift by picking up a light weight from the floor, without bending the knees. During the lift, the therapist notes that the patient demonstrates excessive lumbar flexion. Limitation of which of the following measures is the STRONGEST contributor to this finding? A. Hamstring flexibility B. Gluteal muscle strength C. Abdominal muscle strength D. Hip flexor flexibility 137. A physical therapist is working with a patient who had an open repair of the rotator cuff 2 weeks ago. The patient requests a transfer to another facility to continue physical therapy. Which of the following measures should the patient expect to have achieved at this time? A. Active shoulder abduction to 30° B. Fair (3/5) supraspinatus strength C. Passive shoulder flexion to 60° D. Full passive range of motion 138. A physical therapist is evaluating a patient who had a stroke and is exhibiting poor foot and ankle control. When asked to lift the foot more during the midswing phase of gait, the patient dorsiflexes the ankle with excessive eversion. Facilitatory electromyographic biofeedback to which of the following muscles is MOST likely to help correct this problem? A. Extensor digitorum longus B. Tibialis anterior C. Fibularis (peroneus) brevis D. Flexor hallucis longus 139. A patient presents with weakness throughout the right lower extremity with normal strength on the left side. Sensory testing shows a loss of pressure sensation over the right thigh and leg, and a loss of pain and temperature sensation over the left thigh and leg. The patient has a positive Babinski’s sign present on the right. Which of the following associated findings is MOST likely to be found during further examination of this patient? A. The presence of clonus in the left ankle B. Marked atrophy in the right lower extremity muscles C. Spasticity in the left lower extremity D. Increased deep tendon reflexes on the right side 140. A patient presents with sudden onset of weakness of the facial muscles on the right side. The patient is unable to wrinkle the forehead, smile, pucker the lips, or wrinkle the nose. There is an absence of tearing in the patient’s right eye, diminished taste sensation on the right side of the tongue, and dryness of the mouth. The patient’s corneal reflex is absent on the right, but normal on the left, and pinprick and temperature sensation are normal on both sides of the face. This presentation is characteristic of which of the following conditions? A. Trigeminal neuralgia B. Bell’s Palsy C. Left cortical cerebrovascular accident D. Oculomotor nerve damage 141. A patient was injured in a hunting accident, sustaining a gunshot wound to the spine in the area of L1. The patient has weakness of the left lower extremity and inability to move the knee, ankle, or foot. The patient’s patellar tendon and Achilles’ tendon reflexes are increased on the left side. There is also loss of proprioception in the patient’s left ankle and knee, a positive Babinski’s sign on the left side, and diminished sensation to pinprick and temperature changes in the right thigh, leg, and foot. Results of all of the patient’s cranial nerves’ tests are normal. These findings are consistent with which of the following injuries? A. Complete severance of the spinal cord B. Injury to the left anterior horn of the spinal cord C. Injury to the left side of the spinal cord D. Injury to the central area of the spinal cord 142. Following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, the advantage of closed kinetic chain exercises over open kinetic chain exercises is PRIMARILY the: A. decrease in recruitment of the quadriceps muscles. B. decrease in hamstring force during knee extension C. relative ease of isolation of pure quadriceps muscle activity. D. relative reduction of an anterior drawer effect at the knee. 143. A physical therapist is teaching a patient who has recently undergone knee surgery to descend stairs without a railing and using a cane. The patient is partial weight-bearing on the right. Which of the following instructional methods should the physical therapist use to teach the patient this activity? A. The therapist stands behind the patient, and the patient descends with the cane and left leg first. B. The therapist stands beside the patient, and the patient descends with the right leg first and then the cane. C. The therapist stands below the patient, and the patient descends with the cane and right leg first. D. The therapist stands behind the patient, and the patient descends with the left leg first 144. A physical therapist is reviewing the chart of an inpatient, who is right-handed, before doing an evaluation. The therapist finds that the patient’s angiogram shows a complete blockage of the left middle cerebral artery. Which of the following is the therapist MOST likely to find upon performing the evaluation? A. Hemiparesis in the left upper extremity B. Presence of hemineglect syndrome C. Left homonymous hemianopia D. Presence of expressive aphasia 145. A physical therapist is interviewing a patient who awoke this morning with a slight loss of taste sensation, inability to close the right eye along with dryness in that same eye. The patient has had a slight headache the last few days and some mild pain around the right ear. Which of the following questions that is consistent with these signs and symptoms should the therapist ask the patient? A. “Are you able to smile?” B. “Do you have pain over your right jaw?” C. “Are you able to chew food?” D. “Do you have difficulty swallowing?” 146. A physical therapist is gait training a patient who suddenly becomes weak and falls to the floor. The patient is now unresponsive. The therapist should FIRST: A. open the patient’s airway. B. activate the emergency response system. C. quickly start breathing assistance D. begin chest compressions. 147. During the gait evaluation of a patient who has a transfemoral prosthesis, the physical therapist notices that the patient laterally bends excessively towards the prosthetic side during midstance phase. Which of the following is MOST likely to cause this gait deviation? A. A prosthesis that is too short B. A prosthetic socket that is too small C. Inadequate prosthesis suspension D. A locked knee unit 148. During the evaluation of a patient’s balance, the physical therapist gently pushes the patient backwards slightly and observes how the patient recovers from the perturbation. What strategy is the patient MOST likely to use to correct for this slight perturbation? A. Knee B. Hip C. Ankle D. Stepping 149. A patient is being seen by a physical therapist following a mild myocardial infarction. The goal is to increase the patient’s exercise endurance for return to work. The patient is otherwise healthy and is taking propranolol (Inderal) 1 time/day. The therapist is setting the patient up on a daily home exercise program utilizing a stationary bike and treadmill walking. The therapist should teach the patient to use which of the following methods to monitor exercise intensity during exercise sessions at home? A. Heart rate B. Blood pressure C. Perceived exertion D. Respiration rate 150. A patient who is a waitress reports weakness in the right hand that causes her to drop dishes at work whenever she is distracted. The patient also reports wrist and hand pain and numbness over the thenar eminence, both of which occur during the day and at night. The patient’s thenar muscle strength is Poor (2/5) throughout. Which of the following long-term physical therapy goals is MOST appropriate for this patient? A. The goal is to increase tactile sensitivity in 4 weeks, so that the patient is able to hold objects and not drop dishes at work. B. The patient will demonstrate decreased pain