BIOL 171 Final Exam Questions and Answers 2024

BIOL 171 Final Exam Questions and Answers 2024 Evolution is a theory that can be applied to different species, but cannot be directly tested False Several scientific studies have reported results that reject the process of evolution False Previous Play Next Rewind 10 seconds Move forward 10 seconds Unmute 0:14 / 0:15 Full screen Brainpower Read More Two species of birds that are closely related have evolved from an extinct common ancestor True Crab and human share common ancestor True Evolution often produces species that appear to have imperfect characteristics false Evolution a mechanism that explains how species change over time closest living ancestors to humans chimpanzees and bonobos Adaptive organisms organisms are adopted to environment in which they live adaptation a heritable trait or behavior that aids the survival and reproduction of an organism in its present environment species a group of individuals organisms that interbreed and produce fertile, viable offspring population a group of individual that share a gene pool and includes individuals natural selection individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than individual that don't How thought of Natural Selection? Darwin and his finches The Biological Species Concept Developed by Enerst Mayr a species is a group of organisms that can interbreed into nature and produce viable fertile off spring morphlogical species concept fossil species identification phylogenetic species concept asexual species identification relies on genetics different and morphology How do species form? through speciation Speciation the formation of species from one original species Speciation requirements barrire to gene flow Evolution (via natural selection) that leads to reproductive isolation Natural Selection Observation 1 Members of a population vary in their inherited traits Natural Selection Observation 2 All species can produce more offspring than their environment can support and many of these offspring fail to survive and reproduce After speciation occurs, what do we call the original species? Ancestor species Barriers that can lead to speciation Allopatric and sympatric Allopatric Speciation geographic barrier that reduces gene flow Sympatric Speciation subset of population acquires differences What does speciation happen through? it happens through polyploidy Polyploidy condition where organism have more than two paired sets of chromosomes Autopolyploidy one species involved in generating a polyploid Allopolyploidy two species involved in generating polyploid Type of Reproductive Isolation Pre-zygotic and post-zygotic isolation pre-zygotic isolation mechanisms that prevent mating or hinger fertilization before mating occurs post-zygotic isolation mechanisms that prevent a hybrid zygote from developing into a viable, fertile adult (acting after mating occurs) Type of Pre-Zygotic isolation habitat, temporal, behavioral, mechanical, habitat isolation species occupy different habitats, never come into contact temporal isolation breed during different times, not fertile during same period during year behavioral isolation individuals do not recognize each other as potential mates (firefly flashing patterns, peacock feathers flashing) mechanical isolation physical differences between the organisms prevent successful mating gametic isolation sperm is unable to fertilize egg post zygotic barriers reduced hybrid viability, reduced hybrid fertility, hybrid breakdown reduced hybrid viability hybrid does not complete development or are frail reduced hybrid fertility hybrid itself is viable but sterile (mule) hybrid breakdown hybrid itself is viable and fertile, but subsequent offspring are inviable or sterile adaptive radiation the rapid evolution of ecologically different species from a common ancestor hybrid zone between speciation, in between diverged population and other population