UNDERSTANDING ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
1
, UNDERSTANDING ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
Chapter 1. An Introduction To The Human Body _________________________________________ 3
Chapter 2. The Chemical Level Of Organization _________________________________________ 12
Chapter 3. The Cellular Level Of Organization __________________________________________ 21
Chapter 4. The Tissue Level Of Organization____________________________________________ 29
Chapter 5. The Integumentary System ________________________________________________ 37
Chapter 6. Bone Tissue And The Skeletal System ________________________________________ 45
CHAPTER 7. Axial Skeleton __________________________________________________________ 53
Chapter 8. The Appendicular Skeleton ________________________________________________ 61
Chapter 9. Joints __________________________________________________________________ 69
Chapter 10. Muscle Tissue __________________________________________________________ 77
Chapter 11. The Muscular System ____________________________________________________ 85
Chapter 12. The Nervous System And Nervous Tissue ____________________________________ 94
Chapter 13. ANATOMY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM______________________________________ 109
Chapter 14. The Somatic Nervous System ____________________________________________ 124
Chapter 15. The Autonomic Nervous System __________________________________________ 138
Chapter 16. The Neurological Exam__________________________________________________ 152
Chapter 17. The Endocrine System __________________________________________________ 161
Chapter 18. The Cardiovascular System: Blood ________________________________________ 177
Chapter 19. The Cardiovascular System: The Heart _____________________________________ 185
Chapter 20. The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels And Circulation _____________________ 193
Chapter 21. The Lymphatic And Immune System _______________________________________ 203
Chapter 22. The Respiratory System _________________________________________________ 217
Chapter 23. The Digestive System ___________________________________________________ 231
Chapter 24. METABOLISM AND NUTRITION ___________________________________________ 250
Chapter 25. The Urinary System ____________________________________________________ 264
Chapter 26. Fluid, Electrolyte, And Acid-Base Balance ___________________________________ 271
Chapter 27. The Reproductive System _______________________________________________ 279
Chapter 28. Development And Inheritance____________________________________________ 294
2
, UNDERSTANDING ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
Chapter 1. An Introduction To The Human Body
1. Is The Study Of The Larger Structures Of The Body, Those Visible Without The Aid Of
Magnification
(A) Gross Anatomy
(B) Microscopic Anatomy
(C) Macroscopic Anatomy
(D) Physical Anatomy
Correct Correct Answer: (A) Gross Anatomy
Feedback: Gross Anatomy Focuses On Structures That Can Be Seen With The Naked Eye, Such As Organs
And Tissues.
2.The Word “Anatomy” Comes From A Greek Root That Means “______”
(A) To Cut Apart
(B) To Fix With
(C) To View Inside
(D) To Study Exterior
Correct Correct Answer: (A) To Cut Apart
Feedback: The Term "Anatomy" Originates From The Greek Word 'Anatome,' Meaning "To Cut Apart,"
As It Involves Dissection And Examination Of Body Structures.
3. Dissection Is Still Used In ______
(A) Medical Schools
(B) Pathology Labs
(C) Anatomy Courses
(D) All Of Above
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, UNDERSTANDING ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
Correct Correct Answer: (D) All Of Above
Feedback: Dissection Remains A Key Tool In Medical Education, Pathology, And Anatomy Courses To
Study The Human Body.
4. Microscopic Anatomy Includes ______
(A) Histology
(B) Cytology
(C) Both Of Above
(D) None Of Above
Correct Correct Answer: (C) Both Of Above
Feedback: Microscopic Anatomy Involves Studying Structures At A Cellular Level, Including Histology
(Tissues) And Cytology (Cells).
5. Is The Study Of The Structures That Make Up A Discrete Body System—That Is, A Group Of Structures
That Work Together To Perform A Unique Body Function.
(A) Regional Anatomy
(B) Systematic Anatomy
(C) Both Of Above
(D) None Of Above
Correct Correct Answer: (C) Both Of Above
Feedback: Both Regional And Systematic Anatomy Study How Body Systems Function, But Systematic
Focuses On Body Systems While Regional Looks At Specific Regions.
6. Human Physiology Is The Scientific Study Of The ______ Of The Structures Of The Body And The Ways
In Which They Work Together To Support The Functions Of Life.
(A) Chemistry
(B) Physics
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1
, UNDERSTANDING ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
Chapter 1. An Introduction To The Human Body _________________________________________ 3
Chapter 2. The Chemical Level Of Organization _________________________________________ 12
Chapter 3. The Cellular Level Of Organization __________________________________________ 21
Chapter 4. The Tissue Level Of Organization____________________________________________ 29
Chapter 5. The Integumentary System ________________________________________________ 37
Chapter 6. Bone Tissue And The Skeletal System ________________________________________ 45
CHAPTER 7. Axial Skeleton __________________________________________________________ 53
Chapter 8. The Appendicular Skeleton ________________________________________________ 61
Chapter 9. Joints __________________________________________________________________ 69
Chapter 10. Muscle Tissue __________________________________________________________ 77
Chapter 11. The Muscular System ____________________________________________________ 85
Chapter 12. The Nervous System And Nervous Tissue ____________________________________ 94
Chapter 13. ANATOMY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM______________________________________ 109
Chapter 14. The Somatic Nervous System ____________________________________________ 124
Chapter 15. The Autonomic Nervous System __________________________________________ 138
Chapter 16. The Neurological Exam__________________________________________________ 152
Chapter 17. The Endocrine System __________________________________________________ 161
Chapter 18. The Cardiovascular System: Blood ________________________________________ 177
Chapter 19. The Cardiovascular System: The Heart _____________________________________ 185
Chapter 20. The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels And Circulation _____________________ 193
Chapter 21. The Lymphatic And Immune System _______________________________________ 203
Chapter 22. The Respiratory System _________________________________________________ 217
Chapter 23. The Digestive System ___________________________________________________ 231
Chapter 24. METABOLISM AND NUTRITION ___________________________________________ 250
Chapter 25. The Urinary System ____________________________________________________ 264
Chapter 26. Fluid, Electrolyte, And Acid-Base Balance ___________________________________ 271
Chapter 27. The Reproductive System _______________________________________________ 279
Chapter 28. Development And Inheritance____________________________________________ 294
2
, UNDERSTANDING ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
Chapter 1. An Introduction To The Human Body
1. Is The Study Of The Larger Structures Of The Body, Those Visible Without The Aid Of
Magnification
(A) Gross Anatomy
(B) Microscopic Anatomy
(C) Macroscopic Anatomy
(D) Physical Anatomy
Correct Correct Answer: (A) Gross Anatomy
Feedback: Gross Anatomy Focuses On Structures That Can Be Seen With The Naked Eye, Such As Organs
And Tissues.
2.The Word “Anatomy” Comes From A Greek Root That Means “______”
(A) To Cut Apart
(B) To Fix With
(C) To View Inside
(D) To Study Exterior
Correct Correct Answer: (A) To Cut Apart
Feedback: The Term "Anatomy" Originates From The Greek Word 'Anatome,' Meaning "To Cut Apart,"
As It Involves Dissection And Examination Of Body Structures.
3. Dissection Is Still Used In ______
(A) Medical Schools
(B) Pathology Labs
(C) Anatomy Courses
(D) All Of Above
3
, UNDERSTANDING ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
Correct Correct Answer: (D) All Of Above
Feedback: Dissection Remains A Key Tool In Medical Education, Pathology, And Anatomy Courses To
Study The Human Body.
4. Microscopic Anatomy Includes ______
(A) Histology
(B) Cytology
(C) Both Of Above
(D) None Of Above
Correct Correct Answer: (C) Both Of Above
Feedback: Microscopic Anatomy Involves Studying Structures At A Cellular Level, Including Histology
(Tissues) And Cytology (Cells).
5. Is The Study Of The Structures That Make Up A Discrete Body System—That Is, A Group Of Structures
That Work Together To Perform A Unique Body Function.
(A) Regional Anatomy
(B) Systematic Anatomy
(C) Both Of Above
(D) None Of Above
Correct Correct Answer: (C) Both Of Above
Feedback: Both Regional And Systematic Anatomy Study How Body Systems Function, But Systematic
Focuses On Body Systems While Regional Looks At Specific Regions.
6. Human Physiology Is The Scientific Study Of The ______ Of The Structures Of The Body And The Ways
In Which They Work Together To Support The Functions Of Life.
(A) Chemistry
(B) Physics
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