OptoPrep NBEO Exam Guide
(Questions & Answers)2024/2025
(A+ Graded Verified)
If a thin lens with an index of 1.5 has a dioptric power of +4.00 in air, what is its power if placed
in water?
A) +1.18 diopters
B) +11.76 diopters
C) +1.36 diopters
D) +4.00 diopters - ANSWER C) +1.36 diopters
Alpha helices and beta sheets are considered which level of protein structure?
A) Quaternary
B) Primary
C) Tertiary
D) Secondary - ANSWER D) Secondary
An amphipathic molecule will react in what manner when exposed to water?
A) It will completely dissolve
B) It will form a gas
C) It will combust
D) It will form micelles - ANSWER D) It will form micelles
Coenzyme Q, vitamins A, D, E and K, and cholesterol are all derived from which of the following
lipids?
A) Triglycerides
B) Phospholipids
C) Sphingolipids
D) Isoprenes and terpenes - ANSWER D) Isoprenes and terpenes
Dietary triglycerides are metabolized primarily by which organ of the body?
A) Kidney
B) Liver and gall bladder
C) Intestine
D) Stomach - ANSWER C) Intestine
,Fatty acid synthesis is activated during which of the following situations?
A) Decreased levels of citrate and glucagon, increased levels of insulin
B) Increased levels of citrate and insulin, decreased levels of glucagon
C) Decreased levels of citrate and insulin, increased levels of glucagon
D) Increased levels of citrate and glucagon, decreased levels of insulin
E) Increased levels of citrate, decreased levels of glucagon and insulin
F) Decreased levels of citrate, increased levels of glucagon and insulin - ANSWER B)
Increased levels of citrate and insulin, decreased levels of glucagon
Glycolysis occurs at which location within a eukaryotic cell?
A) Nucleus
B) Cellular membrane
C) Cytosol
D) Mitochondrion
E) Endoplasmic Reticulum - ANSWER C) Cytosol
A 10-year old child presents in your office with a unilateral follicular conjunctivitis along with
ipsilateral adenopathy. You correctly diagnose oculoglandular syndrome. Because it is the most
common etiology, which of the following causes are you MOST likely to suspect?
A) Measles
B) Cat-scratch disease
C) Coccidioidomycosis
D) Diabetes
E) Toxoplasmosis - ANSWER B) Cat-scratch disease
A 24-year old female patient is seen at your office and reports that her eyes have been red for a
few days. Biomicroscopy reveals bilateral diffuse superficial punctate keratitis (SPK) that stains
with sodium fluorescein with no mucopurulent discharge. Based ONLY upon the corneal staining
pattern, what is the MOST likely origin of her condition?
A) Dry eyes
B) Viral
C) Foreign Body
D) Bacterial - ANSWER B) Viral
A 32-year old male is seen at your office and is in a fair amount of pain. He can barely open his
right eye and reports that the pain began this morning when he first opened his eyes. His
medical history is unremarkable, and he does not wear contact lenses. His ocular history is
remarkable for a mild corneal abrasion of the right eye from a tree branch that occurred over a
month ago but had since healed. Biomicroscopy (after instillation of a topical anesthetic) reveals
,an epithelial defect 1.5mm wide and 1.0mm long that stains with sodium fluorescein. There is no
anterior chamber reaction and no visible discharge. What is the MOST appropriate diagnosis?
A) Corneal ulcer (microbial keratitis)
B) Epithelial basement membrane dystrophy
C) Corneal abrasion
D) Recurrent corneal abrasion - ANSWER D) Recurrent corneal abrasion
A 42-year old construction worker presents to you with a history of getting plaster in his right
eye. He complains of pain, foreign body sensation, and photophobia. His acuity is reduced in
that eye to 20/50 with a normal pupillary response. What type of chemical trauma did the worker
experience, and what would be your first therapeutic intervention?
A) Thermal burn and lavage eye with balanced saline solution for 30 minutes
B) Alkali burn and lavage eye with balanced saline solution for 30 minutes
C) Ultraviolet (UV) burn and lavage eye with balanced saline solution for 30 minutes
D) Acid burn and lavage eye with balanced saline solution for 30 minutes - ANSWER B)
Alkali burn and lavage eye with balanced saline solution for 30 minutes
A newborn presenting with symptoms of ophthalmia neonatorum 3 days after birth is MOST
likely infected with which of the following organisms?
A) Haemophilus influenza
B) Herpes Simplex Virus
C) Neisseria gonorrhoeae
D) Streptococcus pneumonia
E) Chlamydia trachomatis
F) Staphylococcus aureus - ANSWER C) Neisseria gonorrhoeae
A patient walks into your office with a mild corneal abrasion, what is the correct healing
sequence?
A) Hemidesmosome formation between basal cells > basal cells at the wound margin flatten
and spread > mitosis of cells surrounding wound area > attachment of cells via fibronectin and
laminin
B) Basal cells at the wound margin flatten and spread > attachment of cells via fibronectin and
laminin > mitosis of cells surrounding wound area > hemisdesmosome formation between basal
cells
C) Basal cells at the wound margin flatten and spread > mitosis of cells surrounding wound area
> attachment of cells via fibronectin and laminin > hemidesmosome formation between basal
cells
D) Mitosis of cells surrounding wound area > attachment of cells via fibrinectin and laminin >
hemidesmosome formation between basal cells > basal cells at the wound margin flatten and
spread - ANSWER C) Basal cells at the wound margin flatten and spread > mitosis of cells
, surrounding wound area > attachment of cells via fibronectin and laminin > hemidesmosome
formation between basal cells
All else being equal, cells found in which layer of the cornea consume the GREATEST amount
of oxygen?
A) Endothelium
B) Bowman's membrane
C) Stroma
D) Epithelium - ANSWER A) Endothelium
Axenfeld loops are smooth, dome-shaped, greyish-appearing nodules located under the bulbar
conjunctiva that are the result of intrascleral looping of which of the following nerves?
A) Short posterior ciliary nerves
B) Long posterior ciliary nerves
C) Long anterior ciliary nerves
D) Short anterior ciliary nerves - ANSWER B) Long posterior ciliary nerves
Chrysiasis of the cornea occurs secondary to administration of medication used to treat which of
the following conditions?
A) Hypertension
B) Diabetes
C) Rheumatoid Arthritis
D) Cancer
E) Cardiac Arrhythmias - ANSWER C) Rheumatoid arthritis
During periods of severe hypoxia, the cornea will revert to anaerobic metabolism and break
down glycogen. What layer of the cornea is capable of storing glycogen for use during times of
hypoxia?
A) Descemet's membrane
B) Endothelial layer
C) Stroma
D) Epithelial layer - ANSWER D) Epithelial layer
A back surface toric (spherical front surface) gas-permeable (GP) contact lens is ordered with
base curve radii of 7.85 mm (43.00 D) and 8.44 mm (40.00 D). When verifying this lens with a
lensometer you would expect to find approximately how many diopters of "induced cylinder"?
A) 4.50 D
B) 3.00 D
C) 2.00 D
(Questions & Answers)2024/2025
(A+ Graded Verified)
If a thin lens with an index of 1.5 has a dioptric power of +4.00 in air, what is its power if placed
in water?
A) +1.18 diopters
B) +11.76 diopters
C) +1.36 diopters
D) +4.00 diopters - ANSWER C) +1.36 diopters
Alpha helices and beta sheets are considered which level of protein structure?
A) Quaternary
B) Primary
C) Tertiary
D) Secondary - ANSWER D) Secondary
An amphipathic molecule will react in what manner when exposed to water?
A) It will completely dissolve
B) It will form a gas
C) It will combust
D) It will form micelles - ANSWER D) It will form micelles
Coenzyme Q, vitamins A, D, E and K, and cholesterol are all derived from which of the following
lipids?
A) Triglycerides
B) Phospholipids
C) Sphingolipids
D) Isoprenes and terpenes - ANSWER D) Isoprenes and terpenes
Dietary triglycerides are metabolized primarily by which organ of the body?
A) Kidney
B) Liver and gall bladder
C) Intestine
D) Stomach - ANSWER C) Intestine
,Fatty acid synthesis is activated during which of the following situations?
A) Decreased levels of citrate and glucagon, increased levels of insulin
B) Increased levels of citrate and insulin, decreased levels of glucagon
C) Decreased levels of citrate and insulin, increased levels of glucagon
D) Increased levels of citrate and glucagon, decreased levels of insulin
E) Increased levels of citrate, decreased levels of glucagon and insulin
F) Decreased levels of citrate, increased levels of glucagon and insulin - ANSWER B)
Increased levels of citrate and insulin, decreased levels of glucagon
Glycolysis occurs at which location within a eukaryotic cell?
A) Nucleus
B) Cellular membrane
C) Cytosol
D) Mitochondrion
E) Endoplasmic Reticulum - ANSWER C) Cytosol
A 10-year old child presents in your office with a unilateral follicular conjunctivitis along with
ipsilateral adenopathy. You correctly diagnose oculoglandular syndrome. Because it is the most
common etiology, which of the following causes are you MOST likely to suspect?
A) Measles
B) Cat-scratch disease
C) Coccidioidomycosis
D) Diabetes
E) Toxoplasmosis - ANSWER B) Cat-scratch disease
A 24-year old female patient is seen at your office and reports that her eyes have been red for a
few days. Biomicroscopy reveals bilateral diffuse superficial punctate keratitis (SPK) that stains
with sodium fluorescein with no mucopurulent discharge. Based ONLY upon the corneal staining
pattern, what is the MOST likely origin of her condition?
A) Dry eyes
B) Viral
C) Foreign Body
D) Bacterial - ANSWER B) Viral
A 32-year old male is seen at your office and is in a fair amount of pain. He can barely open his
right eye and reports that the pain began this morning when he first opened his eyes. His
medical history is unremarkable, and he does not wear contact lenses. His ocular history is
remarkable for a mild corneal abrasion of the right eye from a tree branch that occurred over a
month ago but had since healed. Biomicroscopy (after instillation of a topical anesthetic) reveals
,an epithelial defect 1.5mm wide and 1.0mm long that stains with sodium fluorescein. There is no
anterior chamber reaction and no visible discharge. What is the MOST appropriate diagnosis?
A) Corneal ulcer (microbial keratitis)
B) Epithelial basement membrane dystrophy
C) Corneal abrasion
D) Recurrent corneal abrasion - ANSWER D) Recurrent corneal abrasion
A 42-year old construction worker presents to you with a history of getting plaster in his right
eye. He complains of pain, foreign body sensation, and photophobia. His acuity is reduced in
that eye to 20/50 with a normal pupillary response. What type of chemical trauma did the worker
experience, and what would be your first therapeutic intervention?
A) Thermal burn and lavage eye with balanced saline solution for 30 minutes
B) Alkali burn and lavage eye with balanced saline solution for 30 minutes
C) Ultraviolet (UV) burn and lavage eye with balanced saline solution for 30 minutes
D) Acid burn and lavage eye with balanced saline solution for 30 minutes - ANSWER B)
Alkali burn and lavage eye with balanced saline solution for 30 minutes
A newborn presenting with symptoms of ophthalmia neonatorum 3 days after birth is MOST
likely infected with which of the following organisms?
A) Haemophilus influenza
B) Herpes Simplex Virus
C) Neisseria gonorrhoeae
D) Streptococcus pneumonia
E) Chlamydia trachomatis
F) Staphylococcus aureus - ANSWER C) Neisseria gonorrhoeae
A patient walks into your office with a mild corneal abrasion, what is the correct healing
sequence?
A) Hemidesmosome formation between basal cells > basal cells at the wound margin flatten
and spread > mitosis of cells surrounding wound area > attachment of cells via fibronectin and
laminin
B) Basal cells at the wound margin flatten and spread > attachment of cells via fibronectin and
laminin > mitosis of cells surrounding wound area > hemisdesmosome formation between basal
cells
C) Basal cells at the wound margin flatten and spread > mitosis of cells surrounding wound area
> attachment of cells via fibronectin and laminin > hemidesmosome formation between basal
cells
D) Mitosis of cells surrounding wound area > attachment of cells via fibrinectin and laminin >
hemidesmosome formation between basal cells > basal cells at the wound margin flatten and
spread - ANSWER C) Basal cells at the wound margin flatten and spread > mitosis of cells
, surrounding wound area > attachment of cells via fibronectin and laminin > hemidesmosome
formation between basal cells
All else being equal, cells found in which layer of the cornea consume the GREATEST amount
of oxygen?
A) Endothelium
B) Bowman's membrane
C) Stroma
D) Epithelium - ANSWER A) Endothelium
Axenfeld loops are smooth, dome-shaped, greyish-appearing nodules located under the bulbar
conjunctiva that are the result of intrascleral looping of which of the following nerves?
A) Short posterior ciliary nerves
B) Long posterior ciliary nerves
C) Long anterior ciliary nerves
D) Short anterior ciliary nerves - ANSWER B) Long posterior ciliary nerves
Chrysiasis of the cornea occurs secondary to administration of medication used to treat which of
the following conditions?
A) Hypertension
B) Diabetes
C) Rheumatoid Arthritis
D) Cancer
E) Cardiac Arrhythmias - ANSWER C) Rheumatoid arthritis
During periods of severe hypoxia, the cornea will revert to anaerobic metabolism and break
down glycogen. What layer of the cornea is capable of storing glycogen for use during times of
hypoxia?
A) Descemet's membrane
B) Endothelial layer
C) Stroma
D) Epithelial layer - ANSWER D) Epithelial layer
A back surface toric (spherical front surface) gas-permeable (GP) contact lens is ordered with
base curve radii of 7.85 mm (43.00 D) and 8.44 mm (40.00 D). When verifying this lens with a
lensometer you would expect to find approximately how many diopters of "induced cylinder"?
A) 4.50 D
B) 3.00 D
C) 2.00 D
